LOCATION HOLMQUIST SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Mollic Fluvaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Holmquist loam - on a north facing slope of 1 percent in native grass. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Az--0 to 8 inches; finely stratified loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common fine nests of salt; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
Cz1--8 to 17 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) loam stratified with thin lenses of fine sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redox concentrations; massive; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; many fine nests of salt; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cz2--17 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam stratified with thin lenses of loamy fine sand, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redox concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; common fine nests of salt; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Czg--26 to 46 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) and black (5Y 2.5/1) loam, gray (5Y 5/1) and dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; common fine and medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) redox concentrations; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine nests of salt; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg--46 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) sandy loam stratified with lenses of coarse sand, gray (5Y 6/1) dry; many fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) redox concentrations; massive; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Day County, South Dakota; about 2 1/2 miles south and 1/2 mile west of Pierpont; 120 feet north and 2,030 feet east of the southwest of corner of section 18, T.123 N., R.58 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The 10 to 40 inch control section averages between 14 and 18 percent clay and between 20 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser. The soil typically is calcareous to the surface. It typically has few to many nests of salt above the water table, but some pedons do not have salts to a depth of 10 inches. The decrease in organic carbon is irregular with depth.
The A horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3 (3 to 5 dry) and chroma of 1 to 3. Typically, it is loam, but is fine sandy loam or sandy loam in some pedons. It is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has a hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 2.5 to 5 (3 to 7 dry) and chroma of 1 to 4. It is stratified loam, fine sandy loam, and sandy loam. Layers of coarser or finer textures are in some pedons. Reaction ranges from slightly to strongly alkaline. Buried A horizons are in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Holmquist soils are on flood plains. They receive floodwater from stream overflow or from adjacent uplands. Surfaces are plane or concave. Slope gradients are 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in calcareous, recent alluvium. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 48 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation from 16 to 24 inches. Growing season is about 120 to 140 days; average growing season precipitation ranges from 15 to 18 inches; and growing degree days are about 2500 to 2800.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Barnes, Buse, Edgeley, Kloten, La Prairie, LaDelle, and Langhei soils. Barnes soils have a cambic horizon. Buse and Langhei soils have a regular decrease in organic carbon with depth. Edgeley soils have paralithic contact within depths of 20 to 40 inches. Kloten soils have lithic contact within depths of 20 inches. La Prairie soils have a mollic epipedon more than 16 inches thick. LaDelle soils are fine-silty. The well drained Barnes, Buse, and Langhei soils are on adjacent glacial till plains. Edgeley and Kloten soils are on adjacent uplands. The moderately well drained LaDelle and La Prairie soils are on slightly higher flood plains and terraces.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is negligibe to low. Permeability is moderate. The soils are flooded for brief periods when streams overflow. A seasonal water table is at a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for range and pasture. Native vegetation is prairie cordgrass, inland saltgrass, big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, sedges, and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern South Dakota and possibly Eastern North Dakota. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES PROPOSED: Day County, South Dakota, 1988.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: Ochric epipedon- thin, dark- colored surface horizon at o to 8 inches. Fluventic feature-irregular decrease in organic carbon with depth. Stratification indicative of rock structure from the base of the epipedon to 60 inches or more. Aquic feature- low chroma mottles immediately under the A horizon. Lab data number is S88SD-037-020.