LOCATION KAWAH TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Thermic, coated Aquic Quartzipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Kawah fine sand on a 1 percent concave slope in forestland; elevation is 157 m (515 ft) (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in); dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sand; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; many fine, medium, and common coarse roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 10 to 25 cm [4 to 10 in].)
A2--15 to 38 cm (6 to 15 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; many fine, medium and common coarse roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 0 to 31 cm [0 to 12 in].)
Bw--38 to 76 cm (15 to 30 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redox concentrations; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to single grain; soft, very friable; few fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 0 to 61 cm [0 to 24 in].)
Bg1--76 to 147 cm (30 to 58 in); light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to single grain; soft, very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness is 25 to 91 cm [10 to 36 in].)
Bg2--147 to 203 cm (58 to 80 in); light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to single grain; soft, very friable; few fine roots; common fine masses of iron-manganese; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Rusk County, Texas; from the intersection of US Highway 259 and Texas Highway 84 in Mt. Enterprise; 4.5 miles south on US Highway 259; 3.7 miles east on county road #3197 to intersection with county road #3267; 2.4 miles southeast on county road #3267; 600 feet north of road in pine plantation. (Latitude: 31 degrees, 51 minutes, 32 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 36 minutes, 37 seconds W. Garrison West topographic quadrangle; NAD 1927).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for more than 90 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (67 to 69 degrees F)
Depth to redox concentrations: 10 to 200 cm (4 to 80 in)
Depth to redox depletions: 46 to 91 cm (18 to 36 in)
Depth to Endosaturation: 46 to 91 cm (18 to 36 in)
Thickness of solum: more than 200 cm (80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 1 to 5 percent
Silt plus clay: 5 to 10 percent
A or Ap Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sand or fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: strongly to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)
Bw Horizon where present
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand or fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 5 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse or clear, location-in matrix, shades-red, brown yellow
Redox depletions: amount-none to common, size-fine or medium, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse, location-in matrix, shades-gray
Reaction: very strongly to moderately (4.5 to 6.0)
Bg Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 6 to 8
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sand or fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 5 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to few, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse or clear, location-in matrix, shades-red, brown or yellow
Reaction: extremely to strongly acid (3.6 to 5.5)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Chipley,
Lotus and
Pactolus series.
Chipley soils: lack B horizons, are lower in elevation, have higher organic matter in A horizons and higher annual precipitation.
Lotus soils: have buried A horizons and have 10 to 25 percent silt plus clay in the control section.
Pactolus soils: have 10 to 25 percent silt plus clay in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy marine sediments of the Carrizo geological formation
Landscape: coastal plain
Landform: depressions
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 18 to 19 degrees C (65 to 67 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1118 to 1219 mm (44 to 48 in)
Frost-free period: 235 to 250 days
Elevation: 101 to 183 m (330 to 600 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 66 to 78
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Tonkawa (TX),
Betis (TX),
Naconiche (TX) and
Darco (TX) series.
Tonkawa, Betis and Darco soils: are higher in the landscape, do not have a water table within 100 cm (40 in) of the surface and are excessively or somewhat excessively drained.
Naconiche soils: are on lower flood plain positions and are very poorly drained with thick dark cumulic surface horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is rapid. Runoff is negligible. The soil is saturated year round between a top depth of 46 to 91 cm (18 to 36 in) and a bottom depth of 203 cm (80 in).
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for woodland. Native vegetation consists of loblolly and shortleaf pine, water oak and sweetgum. Common understory plants consists mainly of smilax, waxleaf myrtle, American beautyberry, and ratan. Grasslike species include rushes, sedges, switchgrass, broomsedge bluestem, and low panicums. Forbs that are common are goldenrod and asters.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Texas, Land Resource Region P; MLRA 133B; the series is of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rusk County, Texas, 1993, Rusk County soil survey area, Texas, 1993. The name is coined.
REMARKS: The series was formerly included in the Chipley series. The series was separated based on presence of B horizons, organic matter content, elevation and rainfall.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 40 in) (A2, Bw, Bg1)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 in). (A horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: 38 to 76 cm (15 to 30 in). (Bw horizons)
Endosaturation: The zone of saturation at 76 to 203 cm (30 to 80 in). (Bg horizons)
Aquic conditions: 76 to 203 cm (30 to 80 in)
ADDITIONAL DATA: TAMU Data from type location. Lab sample numbers C5886 through C5899.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th Edition, 2006