LOCATION TONKAWA TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Tonkawa fine sand, elevation is 155 m (508 ft) (Elevation estimated from topographic software, following location directions below) (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 30 cm (0 to 12 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sand; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 8 to 41 cm [3 to 16 in].)
Bw1--30 to 81 cm (12 to 32 in); brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine sand; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to single grained; loose; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; common krotovinas; strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary. (Thickness is 20 to 140 cm [8 to 55 in].)
Bw2--81 to 173 cm (32 to 68 in); ; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) fine sand; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to single grained; loose; common fine and medium roots; few very pale brown spots of uncoated sand; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness is 20 to 100 cm [8 to 40 in].)
Bw3--173 to 203 cm (68 to 80 in); very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and yellow (10YR 7/6) fine sand; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure parting to single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; few yellowish red (5YR 5/8) iron-enriched lamellae less than 0.5 cm thick; few fine nodules of ironstone; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Rusk County, Texas; from U.S. Highway 84 in Mt. Enterprise, about 7.2 miles south on U.S. Highway 259; 4.6 miles east on TX 1087 to Camp Tonkawa crossing; 1.2 miles north on county road; 75 feet east of road in woodland. (Latitude: 31 degrees, 50 minutes, 48.11 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 36 minutes, 13.58 seconds W. (Coordinates estimated from location directions and topographic software) Garrison West, TX TOPOGRAPHIC QUADRANGLE; NAD 83).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for 125 to 150 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 22 degrees C (66 to 71 degrees F)
Thickness of the solum: exceeds 200 cm (80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 2 to 8 percent
A Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sand or fine sand
Clay content: 2 to 8 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to moderately acid (3.6 to 6.0)
Bw Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: sand or fine sand
Clay content: 2 to 8 percent
Iron stains: from none to common below 60 inches
Lamellae: none to few, thickness less than 5 mm, shades of red, brown or yellow
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid (3.6 to 5.5)
C Horizon, where present
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: sand or fine sand
Clay content: 2 to 8 percent
Iron stains: from none to common below 60 inches
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid (3.6 to 5.5)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Alaga,
Alpin,
Bigbee,
Cainhoy,
Darden,
Foxworth,
Glentosh,
Lakeland,
McNeely,
Turkey and
Wando series. Similar soils are the
Catpoint series.
Alaga soils: have 10 to 25 percent silt plus clay in the control section and are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days and have lamellae at a depth of 100 to 150 cm (40 and 60 in)
Alpin soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days and have lamellae at a depth of 100 to 150 cm (40 and 60 in)
Bigbee soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
Cainhoy soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
Darden soils: have 10 to 25 percent silt plus clay in the control section
Foxworth soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
Glentosh soils: have mean annual soil temperature cooler than 64 degrees F.
Lakeland soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
McNeely soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
Turkey soils: are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
Wando soils: have 10 to 25 percent silt plus clay in the control section and are dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 125 cumulative days
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy marine deposits
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: interfluves
Slope: dominantly 1 to 8 percent; ranges from 0 to 35 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 18 to 21 degrees C (64 to 69 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1016 to 1270 mm (40 to 50 in)
Frost-free period: 240 to 270 days
Elevation: 122 to 198 m (400 to 650 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 64 to 80
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Betis (TX),
Briley (TX),
Darco (TX),
Kawah (TX),
Lilbert (TX),
Naconiche (TX),
Pickton (TX) and
Wolfpen (TX) series.
Betis soils: have argillic horizons and have at least 15 cm (6 in) cumulative thickness of lamellae within 200 cm (80 in)
Briley soils: are on similar positions or on slightly higher, more smooth areas and have a loamy argillic horizon within 100 cm (40 in)
Darco soils: are on similar positions or on slightly higher, more smooth areas and have a loamy argillic horizon within 150 cm (60 in)
Kawah soils: are in slightly lower concave positions and have a water table within a depth of 100 cm (40 in) of the surface during most of the year
Lilbert soils: are on similar positions or on slightly higher, more smooth areas and have a loamy argillic horizon within 100 cm (40 in)
Naconiche soils: are in lower-lying flooded areas and have grayish colors due to a water table at or near the surface throughout the year
Pickton soils: are on similar positions or on slightly higher, more smooth areas and have a loamy argillic horizon within 150 cm (60 in)
Wolfpen soils: are on similar positions or on slightly higher, more smooth areas and have a loamy argillic horizon within 100 cm (40 in)
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: excessively drained; rapidly permeable. Runoff is negligible.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for woodland, pastureland and cropland. Native vegetation consists of bluejack, blackjack, and post oaks mixed with shortleaf, loblolly and longleaf pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Texas and possibly Louisiana; Land Resource Region (P); MLRA 133B; the series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nacogdoches County, Texas, 1976, Nacogdoches County soil survey area, Texas, 1980.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 40 in) (Bw horizon)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 30 cm (0 to 12 in). (A horizon)
Coated: 5 to 10 percent silt plus clay in the control section
ADDITIONAL DATA: Particle-size analysis tests were performed at the Nacogdoches, Texas MLRA 133B project office on 2 pedons.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006