LOCATION KITTERMAN INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kitterman channery silty clay loam on a 15 percent convex slope in a forest at an elevation of 158.5 meters (520 feet) above mean MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) channery silty clay loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; many medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of oxidized iron; 25 percent sandstone channers; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches) thick]
Bt1--5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots between peds; common distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--25 to 33 cm (10 to 13 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots between peds; many distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--33 to 56 cm (13 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots between peds; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions and many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix and pore linings; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 35 to 71 cm (14 to 28 inches).]
BCtg--56 to 69 cm (22 to 27 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) extremely parachannery clay; moderate thick platy structure; firm; common fine roots; common gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 80 percent weakly cemented parachanners (shale); moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches) thick]
Cr--69 to 152 cm (27 to 60 inches); weakly cemented shale interbedded with thin layers of strongly cemented sandstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 300 feet north of hwy 70, 1 mile west and north of Derby; 1,500 feet east and 1,150 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 5 S., R. 1 W. USGS Derby, IN Quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 1 minute 58.3 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 32 minutes 43.6 seconds W; UTM Zone 16, 539892 easting and 4209560 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of loess: 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic: 50 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to a paralithic contact: 50 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 60 to 70 percent clay and 1 to 10 percent sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent channers and flagstones (sandstone) throughout the series control section
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Reaction: extremely acid to moderately acid
Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Redox depletions: chroma of 2 or less are in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon
Texture: dominantly clay or channery clay and includes thin horizons in the upper part that are silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: averages 60 to 70 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: strongly acid or very strongly acid
BC or BCtg horizons:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: parachannery to extremely parachannery analogues of clay or silty clay and channery clay
Clay content: averages 40 to 70 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent sand
Pararock fragment (shale) content: 15 to 85 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Cr horizon:
Weakly or moderately cemented shale and commonly is interbedded with thin layers of strongly or more cemented sandstone.
COMPETING SERIES: Wilpoint is the only competing series. Wilpoint soils have a lithic contact in limestone at a depth of 50 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kitterman soils are on scarps and benches of hills underlain with shale interbedded with sandstone. They formed in residuum from shale that can be capped by up to 10 inches of loess. The shale is dominantly from the Mississippian-age. The mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F) and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches). Frost free days range from 170 to 200. Elevation ranges from 105.2 to 305 meters (345 to 1000 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adyeville, Apalona, Deuchars, Ebal, and Wellston soils. The somewhat excessively drained, moderately deep Adyeville soils have less clay and are on more sloping backslopes. The moderately well drained Apalona soils have a fragipan and are commonly on summits and shoulders of hills. The very deep, moderately well drained Ebal and the very deep, moderately well drained Deuchars soils are on similar landform positions as the Kitterman soils. The well drained, deep Wellston soils are on shoulders and backslopes on higher lying hills.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low or moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers/s). Permeability is slow. The potential for surface water runoff is medium or high. Depth to an intermittent, perched high water table is at 30 to 61 cm (1.0 to 2.0 feet) from December through April in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in mixed, deciduous forest, pasture or wildlife habitat.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Indiana. The Kitterman soil is of small extent in MLRA 120B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Indiana, 1997. The source of the name is from a named intersection in northern Perry County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: 1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches) - (A); 2) Argillic horizon- the zone from 5 to 69 cm (2 to 27 inches) - (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, BCtg); 3) Redoximorphic depletions- from 5 to 69 cm (2 to 27 inches).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on pedons S92-IN123-502 (typical pedon) and S91-IN123-505, are on file at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.