LOCATION DEUCHARS INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Deuchars silt loam on a 15 percent slope in woodland at an elevation of about 235 meters (770 feet) above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak very fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots throughout; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 8 cm or 0 to 3 inches thick)
A2--5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak very fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 20 cm or 2 to 8 inches.)
EB--15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 cm or 0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--46 to 58 cm (18 to 23 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coats on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--58 to 76 cm (23 to 30 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; many distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coats on faces of peds; 5 percent sandstone parachanners; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 89 cm or 15 to 35 inches.)
2Bt4--76 to 84 cm (30 to 33 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay; strong angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; few distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt5--84 to 104 cm (33 to 41 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many prominent gray (10YR 6/1) and common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt6--104 to 140 cm (41 to 55 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and many prominent gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent gray (5Y 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 38 to 91 cm or 15 to 36 inches.)
2BC--140 to 157 cm (55 to 62 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) parachannery clay; weak fine angular blocky structure; firm; many medium prominent gray (5YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 20 percent shale parachanners; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (13 to 25 cm or 5 to 10 inches thick)
2Cr--157 to 203 cm (62 to 80 inches); moderately cemented shale; many medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron on shale fragments; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 731 meters or 2,400 feet east and 820 meters or 2,690 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T.4 S., R.1 W.; USGS Branchville, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 11 minutes 58 seconds N. and long. 086 degrees 32 minutes 45 seconds W; UTM Zone 16, 539766 easting and 4228042 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 122 to more than 203 cm (48 to more than 80 inches)
Depth to bedrock (paralithic contact): 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 inches)
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 26 percent
Sand content: 3 to 18 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 26 percent
Sand content: 3 to 18 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
EB, BE horizons, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 5
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 26 percent
Sand content: 3 to 18 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid in non-limed areas, and ranges to slightly acid in limed areas
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 22 to 34 percent
Sand content: 4 to 18 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue: commonly 7.5YR to 2.5Y and less commonly 5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 6 with redoximorphic features
Texture: silty clay or clay, and includes their parachannery analogues in the lower part
Clay content: 40 to 62 percent
Sand content: 4 to 25 percent
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent, dominantly shale
Rock fragment content: 0 to 6 percent, dominantly sandstone
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid in the upper part, and ranges to moderately acid in the lower part
2BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR through 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 6 with redoximorphic features
Texture: commonly parachannery silty clay, clay, silty clay loam, and less commonly silty clay, clay or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Sand content: 4 to 25 percent, typically averages 8 percent or more
Pararock fragment content: 5 to 34 percent, dominantly shale
Rock fragment content: 0 to 6 percent, dominantly sandstone
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
Cr horizon:
Weakly or moderately cemented shale that can be interbedded with thin layers of sandstone or siltstone
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ashburn, Blocher, Gallipolis, Jeneva, Percell, Stonehead, Tarhollow and Westgate series. Ashburn, Blocher, Gallipolis and Percell soils do not have a paralithic contact in the series control section. Jeneva soils average less than 40 percent clay in the 2Bt horizon. Stonehead soils average less than 8 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section (2BC horizon). Tarhollow soils compete very closely with Deuchars soils, but do not have pararock fragments in the series control section. Westgate soils have at least one subhorizon with dominant hue of 5YR or redder in the 2Bt horizon and formed in residuum dominantly from calcareous shale with interbedded limestone and siltstone.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Deuchars soils are on shoulders and backslopes of hills underlain with shale (Mississippian-age). They formed in loess or silty slope alluvium and the underlying residuum from shale that can be interbedded with thin beds of sandstone or siltstone. Mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F), and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches). Frost-free days range from 170 to 200.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adyeville, Apalona, Ebal, Kitterman, and Wellston soils. The moderately deep, less clayey Adyeville soils are on similar landform positions. The moderately well drained Apalona soils have a fragipan, and are on summits and shoulders of hills. The deep or very deep, moderately well drained Ebal and moderately deep Kitterman soils are backslopes of hills. The deep, well drained Wellston soils are on similar landforms.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s) in the upper part of the solum and moderately low or moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers/s) in the lower part. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and slow in the lower part. The potential for surface water runoff is high. An intermittent, perched high water table is at 61 to 91 centimeters (2.0 to 3.0 feet) from December to April in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in woodland. Some areas are used for pasture and hayland. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Indiana. The acreage is of small extent in MLRA 120B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Indiana, 1997. The source of the name is a small town in Crawford County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 25 cm or 10 inches (A1, A2, BE horizons);
2) Argillic horizon- the zone from 25 to 140 cm or 10 to 55 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4, 2Bt5, 2Bt6 horizons);
3) Redoximorphic features at 76 cm or 30 inches;
4) Paralithic contact: at 157 cm or 62 inches (2Cr horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data for pedon numbers S91IN123-002, S92IN123-106 is on file at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.