LOCATION KRESSON NJ
Established Series
SCK/Rev. JAK
11/2015
KRESSON SERIES
Note: This series is open for peer review. Please send comments by July 15, 2002 to: skeenan@nj.nrcs.usda.gov
Changes have been made to the Landscape/Landform, Parent Material, and Range in characteristics, and series location and description.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, glauconitic, mesic Aquic Hapludults
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow and common
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: none
Index Surface Runoff: Medium or high
Permeability: Slow
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate
Landscape: Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain
Landform: Depression, flat, drainageway, low hill
Geomorphic Component: Base slope, dip
Hillslope Profile Position: Toeslope
Parent Material: Clayey glauconite marine and/or fluviomarine deposits
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Elevation (type location): 75 feet
Frost free period (type location): 195 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 56 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 45 inches
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, glauconitic, mesic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Kresson fine sandy loam (in an area of Kresson fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes), in hardwoods. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A--0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2), fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots; 5 percent glauconite pellets; 10 percent rounded quartzite gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--6 to 18 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) clay; moderate coarse prismatic parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine irregular pores; common continuous prominent clay films on faces of peds; common medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; 35 percent glauconite pellets; 10 percent rounded quartzite gravel; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--18 to 33 inches; dark greenish gray (5G 3/1) clay; strong coarse prismatic parting to strong medium angular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots; common fine irregular pores; many continuous prominent clay films on faces of peds; many medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; 45 percent glauconite pellets; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--33 to 41 inches; dark grayish green (5G 3/2) clay; moderate coarse prismatic parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; sticky, plastic; few fine irregular pores; many continuous, prominent clay films on ped faces; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations; 45 percent glauconite pellets; 2 percent quartzite gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 40 inches.)
C--41 to 80 inches; olive (5Y 4/3) and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) stratified sandy loam and sandy clay loam; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 25 percent glauconite; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Gloucester County, New Jersey, 0.2 mile north of intersection of State Highway 41 and State Highway 47 at Fairview, on State Highway 41, 350 feet east of State Highway 41, on a flat in mature hardwoods, USGS Runnemede, NJ topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 47 minutes 47 seconds N. and long. 75 degrees 05 minutes 51 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 6 to 15 inches
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 30 to 55 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 72 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 12 to 18 inches, November to May
Rock Fragments: 0 to 15 percent, by volume throughout; mostly quartzite pebbles or ironstone fragments. Thin strata contain may contain 20 to 35 percent fragments in the subsoil.
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout, unless limed. Stratified black or greenish black layers within the C horizon, may be ultra acid upon exposure to air.
Content of Glauconite: Weighted average of 0 to 20 percent pellets, by volume in A horizon and more than 20 percent in the B and C horizons.
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap or A horizons:
Color--hue of 5Y to 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
BA or BE horizons (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 5Y to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Bt horizons:
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma 3 to 6, or 5GY to 5G, value of 2.5 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine earth fraction)--clay, sandy clay, clay loam or thin subhorizons of sandy clay loam
Redoximorphic features-masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown, or olive, and iron depletions in shades of olive or brown. Gray or grayish brown iron depletions of chroma 2 or less may occur within the upper Bt horizon below 12 inches, but in most pedons they are difficult to distinguish due to the masking effects of the dark olive and dark greenish parent materials.
BC horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma 3 to 6, or 5GY to 5G, value of 2.5 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine earth fraction)--sandy clay, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam
Redoximorphic features-masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown, or olive, and iron depletions in shades of olive or brown. Gray or grayish brown iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less may be present within this layer, but in most pedons they are difficult to distinguish due to the masking effects of the dark olive and dark greenish parent materials.
C horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 5, chroma 3 to 6, or 10Y to 5G, value of 2.5 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine earth fraction)--sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay, and is commonly stratified with sandy texture
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)-masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown, or olive, and iron depletions in shades of olive or brown. Gray or grayish brown iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less may be present within this layer, but in most pedons they are difficult to distinguish due to the masking effects of the dark olive and dark greenish parent materials.
COMPETING SERIES:
Marlton soils-have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 18 to 42 inches (moderately well drained) with similar glauconite content; on slightly higher landforms
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain
Landform: Depression, flat, drainageway, low hill
Geomorphic Component: Base slope, dip
Hillslope Profile Position: Toeslope
Parent Material: Clayey glauconite fluviomarine deposits
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Elevation: 25 to 160 feet
Frost Free Period: 180 to 210 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 50 to 56 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Adelphia soils--are in a fine-loamy family, contain less than 20 percent glauconite pellets in the control section; on similar landforms
Colemantown soils--are poorly drained, with similar glauconite contents; on lower-lying landforms
Collington soils--are well drained, in a fine-loamy family particle-size control section, contain less than 20 percent glauconite pellets in the control section; on higher landforms
Colts Neck soils--are well drained, in a fine-loamy family, contain less than 20 percent glauconite pellets in the control section; on higher landforms
Freehold soils--are well drained, in a fine-loamy family,
contain less than 10 percent glauconite pellets in the control section; on higher landforms
Marlton soils--are moderately well drained, with similar glauconite contents; on slightly higher landforms
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep (greater tan 72 inches) to bedrock
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow (10 to 20 inches) and common (3 to 6 months)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: none
Index Surface Runoff: Medium or high
Permeability: Slow
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Historically cleared and used for corn, tomatoes, soybeans, hay and pasture. However, in New Jersey most areas have rapidly become urbanized. Dominant Vegetation: Wooded areas are dominantly sweetgum, red maple, white oak, and yellow poplar.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: New Jersey
Extent: Small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Monmouth County, New Jersey 1946
REMARKS: It is believed that Kresson soils have aquic conditions and have episaturation. The classification of these soils as Aquic Hapludults is based on evidence of wetness other than low chroma. Low chroma depletions which are normal in other somewhat poorly drained soils are rare in these soils. For this reason the depth to, extent, and distinctness of high chroma masses of oxidized iron have been used to group these soils with soils of similar natural drainage.
12/2001--This revision relocates the official Kresson type location to a different map unit in Gloucester County because the previous location has become urbanized.
Diagnostic horizons and other soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 6 inches (A horizon).
Argillic horizon--the zone from 8 to 41 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Aquic conditions--the soil has periodic saturation and reduction within 12 to 18 inches of the soil surface, and one or more unsaturated layers within 80 inches of the surface, occurring below the periodically saturated zone(episaturation).
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: The following pedons are available from the NRCS-Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE:
S77NJ-005-002
Database Information:
OSD Data Mapunit ID: To be developed
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID: 407466
OSD User Pedon ID: To be developed
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
NJ0056 KRESSON 0-5 50-56 180-210 40-48 25-160
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
NJ0056 NONE 1.0-1.5 PERCHED DEC-MAY >72 --
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
NJ0056 0-14 FSL SL L 0- 0 85-100 10-20 -
NJ0056 0-14 LS 0- 0 85-100 5-15 -
NJ0056 14-30 C CL SC 0- 0 90-100 35-45 -
NJ0056 30-60 SR SL C 0- 0 90-100 30-45 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
NJ0056 0-14 3.6- 5.5 2.-4. 0- 0 0.2- 6.0 MODERATE
NJ0056 0-14 3.6- 5.5 .5-3. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW
NJ0056 14-30 3.6- 5.5 - 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 MODERATE
NJ0056 30-60 3.6- 5.5 - 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 LOW
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.