LOCATION LANSING NY
Established Series
Rev. WEH-PSP-SWF
09/2015
LANSING SERIES
The Lansing series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in till. They are nearly level to rolling and steep soils on till plains. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high within the mineral solum, but moderately low or moderately high in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C (46 degrees F) and mean annual precipitation is about 990 mm (39 in).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Glossic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lansing gravelly silt loam - reforested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam; weak and moderate fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 15 percent nonflat 2 to 75 mm rock fragments; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt smooth boundary.
E--20 to 33 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly silt loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; many fine roots; many pores; 15 percent nonflat 2 to 75 mm rock fragments; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary.
Bt/E--33 to 53 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly silt loam; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many pores; patchy clay films on surfaces along pores and prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3), moist, silt coats on vertical faces of peds; 15 percent nonflat 2 to 75 mm rock fragments; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary.
Bt1--53 to 71 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common pores; clay films on surfaces along pores and on all faces of peds; 15 percent nonflat 2 to 75 mm rock fragments; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--71 to 99 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common pores; 40 percent clay films on surfaces along pores and 40 percent on all faces of peds; 20 percent nonflat 2 to 75 mm rock fragments; neutral (pH 7.0); ; clear wavy boundary.
C-- 99 to 127 cm; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) gravelly loam; massive structure parts to moderate medium platy structure; firm; 5 percent nonflat 76 to 249 mm fragments and 25 percent nonflat 2 to 75 mm rock fragments; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Wyoming County, New York, town of Covington, two miles south of village of Pavilion and one half mile west of State Route 246 on Court Road. Latitude 42 degrees, 51 minutes, 5.72 seconds N. and Longitude 78 degrees, 1 minutes, 15.98 seconds W., NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of solum ranges from 81 to 152 cm (32 to 60 in). Depth to bedrock is more than 152 cm (60 in). Depth to carbonates ranges from 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 in). Coarse fragment content ranges from 5 to 30 percent in the solum and 10 to 60 percent in the C horizon. The soil ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the Ap and B horizons and neutral to moderately alkaline in the C horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam in the fine earth fraction.
The E or BE horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. They are fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam in the fine earth fraction. They have weak platy or subangular blocky structure.
The Bt/E horizon has properties like the E horizon on exteriors of peds and like the Bt horizon in interiors of peds.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam in the fine earth fraction with weighted average of 18 to 28 percent clay. It has weak through strong, medium or coarse subangular blocky structure and/or is prismatic. Consistence is friable or firm. It has few to common redoximorphic features below a depth of 100 cm (40 in) in some pedons.
The BC horizon, when present, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is subangular blocky or prismatic, or it is massive. Consistence is friable or firm.
The C or Cd horizon in some pedons, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is fine sandy loam, silt loam or loam in the fine earth fraction. It is massive or has weak or moderate, medium or thick plate-like divisions. It is firm or very firm.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Fairport,
Ontario,
Wampsville,
Wassaic, and
Yunenyeti series. Ontario soils have hue of 7.5YR or redder in at least one subhorizon of the Bt horizon. Wampsville soils are stratified in the lower part of the series control section. Fairport, Wassaic, and Yunenyeti soils have bedrock within a depth of 100 cm (40 in).
The
Aurora,
Cazenovia,
Conesus,
Danley,
Hilton,
Lima,
Madrid,
Mohawk and
Nunda series are similar soils in related families. Aurora, Conesus, Danley, and Nunda soils have redoximorphic features with chroma of 2 or less in the upper 25 cm (10 in) of the argillic horizon. Cazenovia soils have more than 28 percent clay in the Bt horizon. Hilton and Lima soils have redox features within a depth of 100 cm (40 in). Madrid soils have coarse-loamy particle-size control sections. Mohawk soils have Ap horizons with moist color value of 3 or less.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lansing soils are nearly level to rolling and steep soils on till plains, glaciated dissected plateaus, and drumlin fields. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. The soil formed in till of late Wisconsin age derived from shale, limestone, fine grained sandstone and siltstone. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 787 to 1448 mm (31 to 57 in), mean annual temperature ranges from about 5 degrees C to 10 degrees C (41 to 50 degrees F), and the mean frost-free season ranges from 100 to 190 days. Elevation ranges from 91 to 640 m (300 to 2100 ft) above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Amboy,
Appleton,
Arkport,
Aurora,
Colonie,
Conesus,
Dunkirk,
Howard,
Hudson,
Kendaia, and
Lyons soils on nearby landscapes. Amboy, Dunkirk, and Hudson soils, and their wetter associates, formed in nearby lacustrine sediments. Appleton, Conesus, Kendaia, and Lyons soils are the progressively wetter members of the same drainage sequence. Arkport and Colonie soils formed in nearby sandy deltaic deposits. Aurora soils have bedrock within a depth of 100 cm (40 in). Howard soils formed in outwash materials.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Internal drainage is slow or very slow. The potential for surface runoff is very low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high within the mineral solum, but moderately low or moderately high in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are farmed. Crops are dominantly corn, small grains, and hay in support of dairying, but some vegetable crops are grown. Woodlots contain sugar maple, red and white oak, and American beech.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Dominantly in a belt on the north facing slope of the Allegheny Plateau in MLRAs 101, 140, and 144A from western Pennsylvania to the central Mohawk Valley and in valleys of the glaciated Allegheny Plateau in New York. The soil is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Tompkins County, New York, 1920.
REMARKS: After a review of the use of the Lansing and Ontario series for the range of the color hue in the Bt, the requirement that at least one subhorizon be 7.5YR or redder was added to Ontario and the competing series section of Lansing and Ontario were adjusted to reflect the change.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typical pedon include:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 15 cm (6 in) (Ap horizon).
2. Argillic horizon - the zone from 43 to 107 cm (17 to 42 in) (Bt/E and Bt horizons).
3. Glossic feature - interfingering of albic material around peds in the upper part of the argillic horizon (Bt/E horizon).
4. Mean annual soil temperature less than 10 degrees C.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.