LOCATION LISMORE SD+MN NDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lismore silty clay loam - on a concave slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; very hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--8 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined A horizons is 10 to 20 inches thick.)
2Bw1--17 to 24 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many worm casts and channels of light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bw2--24 to 32 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; few fine faint mottles of light gray (10YR 6/1); weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few worm casts of dark gray (10YR 4/1); slight effervescence in spots; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined 2Bw horizons is 10 to 24 inches thick.)
2Bk--32 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine distinct mottles of light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and light gray (10YR 6/1) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine accumulations of carbonate; violent effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 30 inches thick)
2C--48 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine faint mottles of light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), and light gray (10YR 6/1) moist; massive; hard, friable; few medium and fine accumulations of carbonate; few fine concretions of lime, violent effervescence; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Brookings County, South Dakota; about 4 miles west and 1 mile south of Elkton; 2600 feet south and 135 feet east of northwest corner, sec. 26, T. 109 N., R. 48 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonate typically is greater than 20 inches, but some pedons have calcareous spots at shallower depths due to worm activity. The thickness of the silty surface layer ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Most pedons have slight or moderate worm activity in the solum. The thickness of the mollic epipedon typically is 20 to 25 inches, but ranges from 16 to 30 inches or more and extends into the 2Bw horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of less than 1.5. It has a chroma of 2 in the lower part of some pedons. It is silty clay loam or silt loam containing less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser. It is slightly acid or neutral.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon similar in texture to the A horizon. It has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or less.
The 2Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6 and 2 to 4 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is clay loam or loam and is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The 2Bk horizon has color of the C horizon. It is clay loam or loam and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam or loam and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It has common or many, faint through prominent mottles.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aastad, Darnen, Delette, Lankin, Svea, and Walsh series in the same family and the Athelwold, Beotia, Brookings, Fordville, Overly, Spottswood, Tara, Vienna, Vang, and Waubay series. Aastad, Darnen, Delette, Lankin, and Svea soils contain more fine sand or coarser in the upper part of the sola. In addition, Darnen and Delette soils formed in alluvial-colluvial sediments and Lankin soils formed in lacustrine sediments over glacial till. Walsh soils formed in alluvium derived from shale or glacial till containing a high amount of shale. Athelwold soils are fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal. Beotia, Brookings, Overly, Tara, and Waubay are fine-silty. Fordville, Spottswood, and Vang soils are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy skeletal. Vienna soils have mollic epipedons less than 16 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lismore soils are on nearly level to gently sloping upland flats and in upland swales in glacial till plains. Surfaces are plane or concave. Slope gradients typically are less than 2 percent but range to 6 percent. These soils formed in 10 to 20 inches of silty mantle over glacial till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 48 degrees, and mean annual precipitation from 16 to 24 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Athelwold, Brookings, Fordville, and Vienna soils and the Kranzburg and Leota soils. Athelwold and Brookings soils are on similar positions in the landscape. Fordville and Vienna soils are on higher nearby landscapes. Kranzburg soils are fine-silty and are in nearby landscapes. Leota soils are somewhat poorly drained and in similar positions as Lismore soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; surface runoff is low to medium; moderate permeability in the solum and moderately slow in the underlying glacial till. It has seasonal water table at depths between 3 to 6 feet in the spring. Some areas are flooded for short periods by runoff from adjacent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas cropped to corn, small grain or alfalfa.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern South Dakota and adjoining parts of Minnesota. It is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Brookings County, South Dakota, 1956.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 24 inches (Ap, A, 2Bw1 horizons).