LOCATION LUNDER NV+CA

Established Series
Rev. WMA-TM-JVC-JBF
06/2019

LUNDER SERIES

The Lunder series consists of shallow to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from andesite and basalt. Lunder soils are on fan remnants. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 300 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, smectitic, mesic, shallow Abruptic Argiduridic Durixerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Lunder extremely cobbly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 5 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) extremely cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 20 percent gravel, 50 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 23 cm thick)

BA--5 to 18 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/2) cobbly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very fine, common medium roots; common fine and very fine tubular and interstitial pores; common faint clay films on sand grains and gravel; 15 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

Bt1--18 to 30 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong medium prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few medium, fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine tubular pores; many pressure cutans on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; neutral; (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 cm thick)

Bt2--30 to 41 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) cobbly clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong medium prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine tubular pores; many pressure cutans on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 18 cm thick)

Bkqm1--41 to 64 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) cemented material, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; indurated by secondary silica; slightly effervescent in spots; strongly alkaline; (pH 9.0) clear smooth boundary. (15 to 30 cm thick)

Bkqm2--64 to 79 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) cemented material, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; strongly cemented by secondary silica; slightly to strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); clear smooth boundary. (13 to 90 cm thick)

Bkq--79 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely cobbly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist, massive, hard and very hard; discontinuous weakly and strongly silica and calcium carbonate cemented layers; 30 percent gravels, 40 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; slightly effervescent in spots, moderately alkaline (pH 8.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Lyon County, Nevada; in the Pine Nut Mountains about 1.5 miles northeast of Lyon Peak; approximately 2,000 feet south and 1,500 feet east of the northwest corner of section 30, T. 15 N., R. 23 E.; USGS Como 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 08 minutes 16 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 26 minutes 54 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.1377778 latitude, -119.4483333 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist from late fall to mid- spring, dry from late spring through mid-fall; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 10 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 18 to 25 cm.
Depth to duripan: 25 to 50 cm.
Other features: An abrupt or clear horizon boundary is normally present between the A or BA horizon and the Bt1 horizon accompanied by an abrupt increase in clay content of more than 15 percent.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 50 to 60 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent, mainly cobbles. Lithology of fragments is volcanic rocks such as andesite and basalt.

A and BA horizons
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Clay content: 8 to 35 percent.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Organic matter content: 1 to 3 percent.

Bt horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 6, dry or moist.
Clay content: 50 to 60 percent.
Structure: Angular blocky, subangular blocky, or prismatic.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.

Bkqm or Bqm horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Structure: Strong very thick platy or is massive.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through very strongly alkaline.
Other features: The duripan is indurated in the upper part and is either indurated or strongly cemented in the lower part; The upper part of the duripan is noneffervescent in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Jellycamp series. Jellycamp soils have lithic contacts at depths of 38 to 89 cm, average 0 to 10 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section, and have noneffervescent duripans.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lunder soils are on fan remnants. These soils formed in alluvium derived from volcanic rocks that are mainly andesite and basalt. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. Elevations are 1,372 to 2,286 meters. The mean annual precipitation is 250 to 360 mm, the mean annual temperature is 8 to 9 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 80 to 100 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hyloc, Lapon, and Shree soils. Hyloc soils do not have a duripan, are over bedrock, and have more than 35 percent coarse fragments in the solum. Lapon soils do not have a mollic epipedon and have bedrock below the duripan. Shree soils do not have a duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; very high surface runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Lunder soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is principally low sagebrush, bottlebrush squirreltail, cheatgrass, annual forbs, singleleaf pinyon and Utah juniper.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western and northern Nevada and eastern California. These soils are moderately extensive. The series concept and main acreage is in MLRA 26, while other acreage occurs in MLRAs 23 and 25.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lyon County Area, Nevada, 1981.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A and BA horizons).
Abruptic subgroup feature - The abrupt clay increase at 18 cm (between the BA and Bt1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 18 to 41 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 41 to 79 cm (Bkqm1 and Bkqm2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 18 to 41 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: User Pedon ID: 2006NV019054.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.