LOCATION LYONMOUNTEN NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, frigid Typic Humaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Lyonmounten loam on a 1 percent slope in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted).
Ap-- 0 to 9 inches, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; very friable; many fine and very fine, and few medium roots; common fine and medium pores; common fine and medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of Fe oxides; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick).
E-- 9 to 17 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak thin platy; friable; few fine roots; common fine and medium pores; common fine and medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of Fe oxides; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick).
Bg-- 17 to 24 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) on faces of peds; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few medium and fine pores; many medium and coarse distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of Fe oxides; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 35 inches thick).
BCg1-- 24 to 34 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) on faces of peds; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thin and medium platy; friable (firm in place); few fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; many medium and coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6), and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of Fe oxides; 15 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BCg2-- 34 to 41 inches, variable gray (10YR 5/1), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) gravelly loam; weak thin and medium platy structure; friable; few fine pores; 15 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the BCg is 4 to 20 inches).
C1-- 41 to 49 inches, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) gravelly loam; moderate thin and medium platy structure; friable; common fine and few medium pores; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of Fe oxides; distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Fe depletions on faces of peds; 20 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C2-- 49 to 72 inches, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) gravelly loam; moderate thin and medium platy structure; firm; few fine pores; few fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of Fe oxides; 20 percent rock fragments (including 5 percent greater than 3 inches); strongly effervescent, moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Clinton County, New York; in the town of Clinton, 1900 feet south of intersection of Campbell Road and Gagnier Road, then 800 feet west of Campbell Road; USGS Churubusco NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 44 degrees, 54 minutes, 03 seconds N. and Longitude 73 degrees, 58 minutes, 09 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 45 inches. Depth to carbonates is greater than 45 inches. Redoximorphic features consisting of concentrations of Fe/Mn oxides, Fe or clay depletions, or reduced matrices occur within 20 inches of the soil surface. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent by volume in the surface layer, and from 10 to 35 percent by volume in the subsoil and substratum. Unless limed, reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum, and moderately acid to moderately alkaline in the substratum.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loam or fine sandy loam in the fine earth fraction.
The E horizon is neutral or has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 0 through 2. It has faint to prominent redox accumulations or depletions. Texture is loam or fine sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or platy. Consistence is friable or very friable.
The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 0 through 2. It has distinct or prominent redox concentrations or depletions. Texture is loam or fine sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky. Consistence is friable.
The BCg horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 0 through 6, although dominantly 0 through 3 chroma. They may have faint to prominent redox concentrations or depletions. Texture is loam or fine sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate prismatic, platy or subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or firm.
The C horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 1 through 4. They have faint to prominent redox concentrations or depletions. Texture is loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate platy or it is massive. Consistence is friable or firm.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
The Breckenridge, Burnham, Cable, Cabot, Lahrity and Tonkey series are in related families. Breckenridge soils have less than 5 percent rock fragments throughout the soil and higher clay content in the substratum. Burnham soils have a histic epipedon, and a Cd horizon in dense basal till substrata. Cable soils have light colored Ochric epipedons and less moisture in the subsoil during the growing season. Cabot soils are shalloe and have a Cd within 20 inches. Lahrity soils have less effective precipitation during the growing season and have more rock fragments in the substratum. Tonkey soils have a stratified substratum dominated by sand and gravel.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lyonmounten soils are nearly level and gently sloping soils on till uplands. They occur in depressions and on smooth till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent, but is dominantly 0 to 2 percent. The till parent material is derived from granite, sandstone and other sedimentary rock. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 38 inches, mean annual air temperature ranges from 41 to 45 degrees F, and mean frost-free season ranges from 90 to 140 days. Elevation ranges from 200 to 1800 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the well drained Bice, the moderately well drained Schroon, and the somewhat poorly drained Peasleeville soils which are associated in a drainage sequence. Kalurah, Malone, Runeberg, Coveytown, Cook and Adirondack soils are also associated. The moderately well drained Kalurah soils are on convex knolls and ridges. Malone and Runeberg soils have free carbonates higher in the profile and are on similar landscapes. Coveytown and Cook soils have a sandy mantle over loamy till substrata and occur on footslopes and toeslopes of glacial lake beach ridges. Adirondack soils are on similar landscapes but have a dense, slowly permeable substratum.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to very high. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and upper subsoil, and moderate or moderately slow in the lower subsoil and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested or reverting to brush. Areas cleared of stone are used mainly for pasture or hay. Forested areas contain red maple, northern white cedar, eastern white pine, yellow birch and green ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Champlain and St. Lawrence Valley of Northern New York. MLRA 142. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clinton County, New York, 1995
REMARKS: This represents a partial update of the series to Established. Not all items were reviewed at this time. CEC activity class is added as active based on data from associated soils in similar parent materials.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typical pedon are:
1) Umbric epipedon - from 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon).
2) Cambic horizon - from 17 to 41 inches (Bg, BCg1,
and BCg2 horizons).
3) Redoximorphic features - accumulation of Fe/Mn
oxides, Fe and clay depletions, or reduced matrices
with low chroma colors (in all horizons).