LOCATION MAITLAND SD+CO WY
Established Series
Rev. JWW
05/2011
MAITLAND SERIES
The Maitland series consists of deep and very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils formed in residuum weathered from interbedded sandstone and shale. Slopes range from 1 to 50 percent. The mean annual air temperature is about 7 degrees C and the mean annual precipitation is about 480 mm.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Maitland loam, on a northeast-facing, slightly concave slope of 25 percent in a bur oak-shrub-grass community at an elevation of about 1,220 meters. When described on June 18, 1970, the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 3 cm; slightly decomposed oak, shrub, and grass leaves and roots. (0 to 4 cm thick)
A--3 to 20 cm; gray (10YR 5/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine and medium and few coarse roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (15 to 23 cm thick)
E--20 to 30 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; very weak thin platy structure parting to weak fine granular; very hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 15 cm thick)
Bt/E--30 to 43 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist (Bt part); many light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt coatings and masses, brown (10YR 4/3) moist (E part); moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; about 10 percent gray (10YR 5/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 20 cm thick)
Bt1--43 to 66 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate and strong, fine and medium subangular and angular blocky; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; about 50 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--66 to 94 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate and strong medium and coarse subangular blocky; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and very fine roots; about 40 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--94 to 114 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; about 20 percent faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 40 to 76 cm)
C1--114 to 135 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; very few fine roots; common medium distinct yellow (10YR 7/6) soft sandstone nodules, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Ck2--135 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; strong effervescence; many coatings of carbonate on coarse fragments;common fine and medium soft masses; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Lawrence County, South Dakota; about 1 mile north and 2 miles west of Whitewood; 2500 feet west and 400 feet north of the southeast corner of Sec. 18, T. 6 N., R. 4 E.; Deadwood North USGS quad; 44 degrees, 28 minutes, 25.5 seconds north latitude, and 103 degrees, 40 minutes, 33.7 seconds west longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature: 6 to 8 degrees C
Mean summer soil temperature: 11 to 15 degrees C
Depth to carbonates: typically greater than 100 cm
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Sand content: 15 to 35 percent fine and coarser sand
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent subangular or subrounded sandstone fragments
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: L, SIL, FSL, VFSL
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately acid
E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: L, FSL, VFSL, SL
Reaction: slightly acid to strongly acid
The Bt/E horizon has properties similar to its respective parts. It is typically greater than 85 percent Bt horizon material.
Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: L, CL, SCL
Reaction: moderately acid or strongly acid
Some pedons have a BC horizon
C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: FSL, SCL, or L
Clay content: 14 to 27 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES:
Alderon, Allens Park,
Bayerton,
Belltower,
Elbeth,
Elbuck,
Elmark,
Haugan,
Heflin,
Hoyt,
Jemco,
Jemez,
Kunz,
Kwiavu,
Lakoa, Little pine,
Losindios,
Lumpgulch,
Northrim,
Plome,
Shoemaker,
Sweetweed, Tunitcha
Alderon,
Belltower, and
Elmark - have a paralithic contact at 50 to 100 centimeters
Allens Park,
Bayerton,
Jemco,
Jemez,
Lumpgulch, and Showemaker - have a lithic contact at 50 to 100 centimeters
Elbeth - contain more coarse sand, additionally they formed in slope alluvium from schist, granite, and arkosic bedrock
Elbuck,
Heflin,
Kunz,
Kwiavu,
Losindios,
Northrim, and
Tunitcha - lacks E and Bt/E horizons
Haugan - has 20 to 35 percent rock fragments in the Bt
Hoyt - contain more gravel throughout, additionally they formed in colluvium from igneous rocks and glacial till
Lakoa - has an A horizon less than 6 inches thick; typically has calcium carbonate between depths of 50 and 100 centimeters
Littlepine - contains greater than 40 percent sand in the particle-size control section
Plome - has an A horizon less than 6 inches thick; additionally the Bt and lower horizons have hue of 5YR or redder
Sweetweed - do not have carbonates; additionally they formed in colluvium from volcanic mudflow breccia
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: residuum or local alluvium over residuum derived from sandstone or interbedded sandstone and shale
Landform: backslopes of ridges and dipslopes on hogbacks
Landscape/aspect: typically on north- and east-facing slopes or in protected cove-like positions
Slopes: 1 to 50 percent
Elevation: 975 to 1,460 meters
Mean annual air temperature: 5 to 9 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 584 mm
Precipitation pattern: In most years, more than half of the annual precipitation occurs as snow and rain from April through July
Frost-free period: 100 to 140 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Boneek - has a mollic epipedon and a fine-textured particle size control section; they generally occur on lower backslope and footslope positions
Butche - has a lithic contact at less than 50 centimeters and lack an argillic horizon; they generally occur on higher ridges and shoulders
Lakoa - (competing series); they occur on similar landscape positions
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high; runoff is medium to very high, depending on slope.
USE AND VEGETATION: Maitland soils are used for livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, recreation, and homesite development. Native vegetation typically is bur oak and ponderosa pine with an understory of shrubs, forbs, sedges, and grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Maitland soils occur in the foot slopes of the Black Hills in western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, and in south central Colorado; LRR G, MLRA 61; the series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Meade County, South Dakota, 1974.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 2.5 to 30 cm (A and E horizons)
Albic horizon: 20 to 30 cm (E horizon)
Argillic horizon: 30 to 114 cm (Bt/E, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Classification of the series is changed to fit the typical climatic regime at the series type location.
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Ed., 2010
ADDITIONAL DATA:
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.