LOCATION MANDY WV+NY PA VA
Established Series
JWB/Rev. MDJ
07/2014
MANDY SERIES
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, frigid Spodic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Mandy channery silt loam in a forested area of Mandy-Wildell complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, at an elevation of about 1219 meters (4000 feet). (Colors are for moist soil.)
Oi--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); slightly decomposed organic matter from hardwood trees; strongly acid (pH 5.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 9 cm (0 to 3.5 inches) thick).
A--5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) channery silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; many fine medium and coarse roots; 25 percent shale channers; ultra acid (pH 3.4); abrupt wavy boundary (3 to 13 cm (1 to 5 inches) thick).
Bs--10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) channery silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; 25 percent shale channers; extremely acid (pH 3.5); clear wavy boundary (8 to 46 cm (3 to 18 inches thick).
Bw1--25 to 41 cm (10 to 16 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; 25 shale channers; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--41 to 61 cm (16 to 24 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; 35 percent shale channers; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 18 to 64 cm (7 to 25 inches)).
C--61 to 69 cm (24 to 27 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely channery silt loam with few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; massive; friable; few fine roots; 75 percent shale channers; very strongly acid (pH 4.6); clear wavy boundary (0 to 33 cm (0 to 13 inches) thick).
R--69 cm (27 inches); siltstone and shale bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION:
County: Pendleton County
State: West Virginia
USGS Quadrangle: Spruce Knob, West Virginia
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 38.712711 north
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 79.566875 west
Directions to the pedon: Approximately 1.23 miles northeast of Spruce Knob Lake and 190 feet east-southeast of the intersection of U.S. Forest Service Trail number 532 and U. S. Forest Service Road number 112.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Cambic horizon: 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 inches)
Depth to the base of the Cambic horizon: 51 to 91 cm (20 to 36 inches)
Solum Thickness: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth Class: Moderately deep
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 183 cm (72 inches)
Rock Fragment content: 10 to 25 percent, by volume, in the A, E, or transitional horizons; 20 to 70 percent in the Bhs, Bs, and Bw horizons; 50 to 90 percent in the BC and C horizons.
Soil Reaction: Ultra acid to very strongly acid in the mineral soil, unless limed. Organic surface horizons may be strongly acid.
Other Soil Features: The Bhs and/or Bs horizons have spodic properties. However, the spodic properties are not strongly expressed and the horizons do not meet the requirements of a spodic horizon.
In many pedons, the horizons in the upper part of the solum have been mixed by trees throws, soil creep, or a combination of these processes. The upper solum commonly contains mixed or combined horizons and horizons with broken or irregular boundaries.
Range of Individual Horizons:
O horizon (if present): in wooded areas, an organic horizon in various stages of decomposition is usually present. This horizon is mainly derived from the leaf litter of northern hardwood trees. Combined thickness of the O horizon is 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches).
A horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 through 4.
Texture (fine-earth fraction) - silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam.
Other features - this horizon may be highly organic.
E horizon (if present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4.
Texture (fine-earth fraction) - silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam.
Bhs horizon (if present):
Color--hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3.
Texture (fine-earth fraction) - silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam
Other features - this horizon may be weakly smeary
Bs horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 through 8.
Texture (fine-earth fraction) - silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam.
Other features - this horizon may be weakly smeary
Bw horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 through 6.
Texture (fine-earth fraction) - silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or loam.
BC or C horizon (if present):
Color--hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6.
Texture (fine-earth fraction) - silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam.
COMPETING SERIES:
There are no other members of this family. The following series are in related families:
Lagross soils - formed in water-sorted materials and have bedrock at a depth of more than 60 inches.
Knapp Creek soils - are deep soils formed in sandstone conglomerate.
Macomber soils - are formed in glacial till and are underlain by phyllite bedrock.
Mosinee soils - have fractured igneous and metamorphic bedrock at depths greater than 40 inches.
Rockrift soils - are very deep to bedrock.
Madsheep soils - are 5YR or redder in the control section.
Paddyknob soils - have more sand in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 127 (Eastern Allegheny Plateau and Mountains), 147 (Northern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys).
Landscape: Mountains, hills, plateaus.
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges, hills, hillslopes.
Geomorphic Component: Mountaintop, mountainflank, interfluve, noseslope, sideslope.
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, backslope.
Micro-feature: Tree-tip pit, tree-tip mound (cradle knoll micro-relief).
Parent Material Origin: Acid, interbedded shale, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone.
Parent Material Kind: Residuum and/or creep deposits, often mixed by tree throws.
Slope: 3 to 80 percent.
Elevation: 457 to 1463 meters (1500 to 4800 feet).
Frost-free period: 81 to 143 days.
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 6.1 to 7.3 degrees C. (43 to 45 degrees F.).
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1100 to 1490 millimeters (43 to 59 inches).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Carrollton soils - have an argillic horizon and less rock fragments.
Frewsburg soils - are somewhat poorly drained and have an argillic horizon.
Gauley soils - have a spodic horizon and have more sand in the fine earth.
Kinzua soils - are very deep and have an argillic horizon.
Leatherbark soils - are somewhat poorly drained.
Onoville soils - are very deep, moderately well drained, and have a fragipan.
Simoda soils - soils are moderately well drained and have a fragipan.
Snowdog soils - soils are moderately well drained and have a fragipan.
Trussel soils - are poorly drained and have a fragipan.
Wildell soils - have a spodic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained.
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Absent.
Index Surface Runoff: Low to high.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high.
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderate.
Shrink-Swell Class: Low.
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None.
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None.
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Woodland.
Dominant Vegetation: Northern hardwood forest. Red maple, American beech, yellow birch, black cherry, red spruce, striped maple, aspen, and eastern hemlock. Areas of "heath barrens" are dominated by mountain laurel, huckleberry, blueberry, great rhododendron, rose and flame azalea, and red and black cherry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and possibly Maryland.
Extent: Moderate.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pendleton County, West Virginia, 1988.
REMARKS:
This soil was previously mapped as a moist phase of the Berks series, and to a lesser extent a moist phase of the Dekalb series.
Mandy soils were previously classified as Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, frigid, Typic Dystrudepts.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 10 centimeters (0 to 4 inches) (Oi and A horizons).
Spodic properties--the zone from 10 to 25 centimeters (4 to 10 inches) (Bs horizon).
Cambic horizon--the zone from 10 to 61 centimeters (4 to 24 inches) (Bs and Bw horizons).
Skeletal feature--Approximately 39 percent (by volume) weighted average rock fragments in the 25 to 69 centimeters (10 to 24 inches) control section.
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 69 centimeters (0 to 27 inches).
This edit updates the classification of the series, recognizes spodic properties, updates the horizon nomenclature and reaction classes of the typical pedon, the range in characteristics, the competing and geographically associated soils, the geographic setting, and the distribution.
Previous edits: RE-ART-WFH-PSP 03/2005
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data is available from the KSSL for the following pedons:
94P0233, 96P0082, 96P0084, 96P0086, 96P0087, 12N8056, 12N8057, 12N8060, 12N8062.
Pedon 12N8056 is located near the type location for the series.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.