LOCATION MONDAMIN SD+NDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Mondamin silty clay loam - on flat slope of less than l percent in cropland. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark brown (l0YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky and moderate fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bt--6 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; shiny film on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
Bk1--13 to 21 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse blocky and subangular blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common tongues (1/4 to 1 inch wide) of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; many very fine striations and few fine accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bk2--21 to 35 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few tongues (1/4 to 1/2 inch wide) of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), very dark brown (l0YR 2/2) moist; common medium and coarse accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk3--35 to 43 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; many fine distinct mottles of light gray (10YR 7/1) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6); weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizon is 16 to 39 inches thick)
C--43 to 55 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; many medium distinct mottles of light gray (10YR 7/1) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6); massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; thin lenses of very fine sand and fine sand; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
Cy--55 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; common fine distinct mottles of light gray (10YR 7/1) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6); massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; thin lenses of very fine sand and fine sand; common medium accumulations of gypsum; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Edmunds County, South Dakota; about 3 miles south and 2 1/2 miles west of Roscoe; 1,990 feet east and 210 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 122 N., R. 71 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 44 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 8 to 16 inches.
The A horizon has value of 4 or 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2. It is silty clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay. It is slightly acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5 and 2 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. The lower part in some pedons has value of 4 when moist. It is silty clay or silty clay loam averaging between 35 and 50 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser. It has weak or moderate, medium or coarse prismatic structure that parts to moderate, fine through coarse blocky or subangular blocky structure. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bk and C horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. Some pedons have Btk and BCk horizons. Dark tongues extend into the C horizons in some pedons. The C horizon typically is silty clay loam with thin lenses of very fine sand, fine sand, or silt loam. The soil has few to many, distinct or prominent mottles below a depth of 24 to 40 inches. Glacial till is at depths below 40 inches in some profiles. The horizons are slightly or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cerro soils. Cerro soils have a warmer soil temperature regime.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Mondamin soils are nearly level to moderately sloping on uplands. Surfaces are plane or convex, and slope gradients typically are less than 9 percent. The soils formed in glacio-lacustrine sediments of ice-walled lakes. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 14 to 17 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bowbells, Bryant, Grassna, Grail, Rusklyn, Temvik, and Williams soils. Bowbells, Grassna, and Grail soils are in toe slopes. Bowbells soils are in the fine-loamy family, Grassna soils are in the fine-silty family, and Grail soils are in the fine family. Bryant, Rusklyn, Temvik, and Williams soils are on nearby uplands. Bryant, Rusklyn, and Temvik soils are in the fine-silty family and Williams soils are in the fine-loamy family.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained or moderately well drained. Surface runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderately slow or slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped to small grain, corn, and alfalfa. Native vegetation includes western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central South Dakota east of the Missouri River and adjoining parts of North Dakota. It is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hand County, South Dakota, 1959.