LOCATION NAVUNON IN

Established Series
Rev. GLH-RAB-DAG
11/2021

NAVUNON SERIES

The Navunon series consists of deep or very deep, poorly drained soils formed in loamy till overlying limestone bedrock in depressions on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Navunon loam, on a concave, less than 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 208 meters (682 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (9 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [20 to 46 cm (8 to 18 inches) thick]

Btg1--23 to 33 cm (9 to 13 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2--33 to 51 cm (13 to 20 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine interstitial and tubular pores with moderate continuity; many faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg3--51 to 61 cm (20 to 24 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]

Cg1--61 to 79 cm (24 to 31 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 9 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2--79 to 109 cm (31 to 43 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium faint gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 12 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent throughout; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the C horizon is 38 to 89 cm (15 to 35 inches).]

2R--109 cm (43 inches); white (10YR 8/1) unweathered limestone bedrock; indurated; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Pulaski County, Indiana; about 1 mile west and 4 miles south of Francesville; 700 feet south and 150 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 29 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Francesville, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 55 minutes 28.07 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 54 minutes 41.83 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 507439 easting and 4530379 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 56 to 102 cm (22 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 56 to 117 cm (22 to 46 inches)
Depth to lithic contact: commonly 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches), but ranges from 102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches)

Ap or A horizon, or AB horizon when present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, silt loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6; value of 3 may be present in the horizon immediately below the A horizon
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

BC or BCg horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2R horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 7 or 8
Chroma: 1 or 2
Bedrock: very strongly cemented or indurated limestone

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barry, Brookston, Clackamas, Cordova, Forestcity, Hamel, Jameston, Millgrove, Navan, Nosoni, Radioville, Rensselaer, Tallmadge, and Westland series. None of these soils except Tallmadge soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Tallmadge soils have more than 14 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Navunon soils are in depressions on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Navunon soils formed in loamy till overlying limestone bedrock. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1067 mm (30 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.9 to 11.7 degrees C (48 to 53 degrees F). Frost-free period is 150 to 180 days. Elevation is 183 to 466 meters (600 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brookston, Corwin, Francesville, and Odell soils. The poorly drained Brookston soils are located on similar positions but do not have limestone bedrock within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). The moderately well drained Corwin soils and the somewhat poorly drained Francesville and Odell soils are on higher landform positions. Corwin and Odell soils are not underlain by limestone bedrock within 152 cm (60 inches).

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 15 cm (0.5 foot) above the surface to 30 cm (1 foot) below the surface for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the subsoil and underlying material, and low or very low in the limestone bedrock. Permeability is moderate in the subsoil, moderately slow in the underlying material, and very slow or impermeable in the limestone bedrock.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, small grains and hay. Small areas are in permanent pasture. Native vegetation is marsh grasses and sedges.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111C in northern Indiana. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pulaski, County, Indiana, 2001.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 33 cm (13 inches) (Ap, Btg1 horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 61 cm (9 to 24 inches) (Btg horizon).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present between 23 and 109 cm (9 and 43 inches) (Btg, Cg horizons).
Lithic contact: at 109 cm (43 inches) (2R).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 154142 represents the typical pedon in complex with Brookston soils.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S98IN-131-003) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data for the typical pedon (T98IN-131-003) is on file in the MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 100 percent Navunon and similar soils.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.