LOCATION NEDA WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

NEDA SERIES

The Neda series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in a thin mantle of loess and in the underlying loam till which contains shale fragments. These soils are on drumlins and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to 30 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Neda silt loam - on a 4 percent convex slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 273 meters (895 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

E--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]

Bt1--28 to 41 cm (11 to 16 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3)dry, silt coatings on faces of peds in upper part of horizon; sand content is greater in the lower part; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 inches) thick]

2Bt2--41 to 53 cm (16 to 21 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) shaly clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; about 16 percent small shale fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [13 to 20 cm (5 to 8 inches) thick]

2Bt3--53 to 64 cm (21 to 25 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) shaly loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; about 18 percent shale fragments; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary. [10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 inches) thick]

2C--64 to 152 cm (25 to 60 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light gray (10YR 7/2) shaly loam; about 20 percent gravel and shale fragments; friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles southeast of Horicon; 1,900 feet north and 400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 16, T. 11 N., R.16 E. USGS Mayville South, Wisconsin Topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 25 minutes 12 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 00 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess mantle: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches)
Depth to the base of soil development and to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 24 and 35 percent clay, 15 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser
Volume of gravel in the till: 5 to 25 percent and is mostly partially weathered shale fragments.
Volume of cobbles in the till: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline in the upper part of the soil, slightly or moderately alkaline in the lower part
Carbonates: in the 2C horizon and, in some pedons, are in the lower part of the 2B horizon.
Redox accumulations and saturation: within 102 cm (40 inches); redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less below the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon in some pedons

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt2 horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, clay loam, shaly loam or shaly clay loam

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam or shaly loam

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Glenhall and Octagon series. Glenhall and Octagon soils do not have shale fragments in the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Neda soils are on ground moraines and drumlins. Slope commonly is 2 to 12 percent but range to 30 percent. Neda soils formed in a thin mantle of loessand in the underlying calcareous loam till which has shale fragments. These soils are near the base of the Niagara Escarpment in the vicinity of shale outcrops. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.8 to 10.6 degrees C (46 to 51 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 838 mm (28 to 33 inches).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ashippun and Hochheim soils. The nearly level and gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained Ashippun soils form a drainage sequence with the Neda soils. The well drained Hochheim soils are commonly nearby on similar slopes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second). Permeability is moderately slow. These soil have a perched seasonal high water table within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) for 1 month or more in 6 or more out of 10 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is used for cropland . Principal crops are corn, small grain, and forage. Native vegetation is deciduous trees consisting mainly of northern red oak, sugar maple, American basswood, and white ash.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 95B. These soils are only in Dodge County, Wisconsin. They are of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, 1976.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) (Ap, E ); argillic horizon - 28 to 64 cm (11 to 25 inches) (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3 ); mollic subgroup - Ap horizon with value and chroma, moist, of less than 4 and value, dry, of less than 6; Oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.