LOCATION NEWHOLLAND NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, acid, thermic Cumulic Humaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Newholland mucky loamy sand --cultivated.
(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky loamy sand; moderate medium granular and weak medium subangular blocky structure; common fine and very fine roots; 15 percent clean sand grains; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
A--8 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots; many clean sand grains; common streaks and pockets of clean sand; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
AC--19 to 27 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy sand; massive; friable; common fine partially decomposed roots; few iron concretions along root channels; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon ranges from 24 to 36 inches)
Cg1--27 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine partially decomposed roots; few iron concretions along root channels; common coarse distinct brown (10YR 5/3) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
Cg2--40 to 44 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; few very fine partially decomposed roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; common streaks of sandy loam material; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Cg3--44 to 62 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand; massive; very friable; few very fine partially decomposed roots; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Hyde County, North Carolina; in Grassy Ridge about 0.25 mile west of the intersection of North Carolina Highway 45 and Secondary Road 1138 (4th cut), 225 feet north of North Carolina Highway 45, in a cultivated field; Belhaven USGS topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 40 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 76 degrees 33 minutes 53 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum is 25 to more than 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Iron or iron and manganese concretions range from none to common. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid, except where surface layers have been limed.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N and value of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam with or without the mucky modifier.
The AC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N and value of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam with or without the mucky modifier. Iron or clay depletions are in shades of gray and iron accumulations are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive.
The upper Cg horizon, to a depth of about 40 to 50 inches, has hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N and value of 4 or 5. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam, and less commonly loamy sand or loamy fine sand. Iron or clay depletions are in shades of gray and iron accumulations are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive.
The lower Cg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N and value of 4 to 7. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Some pedons are stratified with lenses or strata ranging from sandy clay loam to sand. Iron or clay depletions are in shades of gray and iron accumulations are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Series in closely related families include Bibb, Ballahack, Johnston, Murville, Pamlico, Pocomoke, Rutlege, Torhunta, and Toxaway soils. Ballahack and Toxaway soils have more than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Bibb soils do not have an umbric epipedon. Johnston soils have siliceous mineralogy. Murville, Pamlico, and Rutlege soils are in a sandy particle-size class. Pocomoke and Torhunta soils have an umbric epipedon less than 24 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Newholland soils are on broad upland flats and along the outer edges of pocosins or on flood plains in the Lower Coastal Plain. These soils formed in loamy marine and fluvial sediments. Elevation is less than 25 feet. Slopes are 2 percent or less. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 57 to 70 degrees F., the frost free season ranges from 215 to 250 days, and the average annual precipitation ranges from 46 to 58 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Conaby, Wasda, and Ponzer soils in nearby depressions. Conaby and Wasda soils have a histic epipedon. Ponzer soils formed in organic materials. Stockade and Hydeland soils are in adjacent areas and have an argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained soils with moderately rapid permeability in the A horizon and rapid permeability in the C horizon. Surface runoff is very slow. In undrained areas, the seasonal high water table is at or near the surface from December through April in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested and the dominant species include sweetgum, swamp tupelo, water tupelo, bald cypress, pond pine, water oak, and willow oak. A few areas have been cleared and drained and are used for growing corn, soybeans, and pasture. Understory species include waxmyrtle, sweetbay, redbay, switch cane, giant cane, blueberry, and southern bayberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina and possible Virginia. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hyde County, North Carolina; 1996.
REMARKS: Newholland soils were previously included with the Johnston series. Johnston soils have siliceous mineralogy and are on flood plains.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Umbric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 27 inches. (Ap, A, and AC horizons)
Aquic conditions - endosaturation and redoximorphic features including concretions, masses of iron accumulation, and iron depletions in the zone from 19 to 62 inches. (AC, Cg1, Cg2, and Cg3 horizons)
MLRA = 153B
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0273 NEWHOLLAND 0- 2 57- 70 215-250 46- 58 5- 25 NC0274 NEWHOLLAND 0- 2 57- 70 215-250 46- 58 5- 25SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0273 NONE RARE 0-1.0 APPARENT DEC-APR 60-60 NC0274 FREQ 0-1.0 APPARENT DEC-APR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0273 0-19 MK-LS MK-SL MK-FSL 0- 0 95-100 2-20 15- 45 NC0273 0-19 LS SL FSL 0- 0 95-100 2-20 5- 25 NC0273 19-27 LS SL FSL 0- 0 95-100 2-20 5- 15 NC0273 27-44 SL L SCL 0- 0 95-100 12-27 5- 15 NC0273 44-62 S LS SL 0- 0 95-100 1-18 5- 15 NC0274 0-19 MK-LS MK-SL MK-FSL 0- 0 95-100 2-20 15- 45 NC0274 0-19 LS SL FSL 0- 0 95-100 2-20 5- 25 NC0274 19-27 LS SL FSL 0- 0 95-100 2-20 5- 15 NC0274 27-44 SL L SCL 0- 0 95-100 12-27 5- 15 NC0274 44-62 S LS SL 0- 0 95-100 1-18 5- 15
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0273 0-19 3.5- 5.5 8.-18 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0273 0-19 3.5- 5.5 3.-8. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0273 19-27 3.5- 5.5 3.-8. 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW NC0273 27-44 3.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW NC0273 44-62 3.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW NC0274 0-19 3.5- 5.5 8.-18 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0274 0-19 3.5- 5.5 3.-8. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0274 19-27 3.5- 5.5 3.-8. 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW NC0274 27-44 3.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW NC0274 44-62 3.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW