LOCATION HYDELAND NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, thermic Umbric Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hydeland silt loam--cultivated.
(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (7 to 10 inches thick)
AB--6 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure and weak very fine platy structure at the top of the horizon; friable; common fine roots; few coarse or very coarse pockets of light brownish gray B material mixed by cultivation; few old root channels filled with A material; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Btg1--11 to 17 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate medium subangular structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) rounded masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; few very fine flakes of mica; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few old root channels filled with A material; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--17 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common coarse distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) irregularly shaped iron depletions with clear boundaries in matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and common medium faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few gray (5Y 5/1) skeletans (sand or silt); common very fine mica flakes; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg3--31 to 41 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine and very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; common very fine flakes of mica; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few gray (5Y 5/1) skeletans (sand or silt); moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg4--41 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine relic roots; few fine tubular pores; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; common fine mica flakes; few faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg is more than 30 inches.)
Cg--58 to 66 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; massive; friable; few very fine relic roots; few very fine tubular pores; few medium distinct olive (5Y 5/3) and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in matrix; common very fine flakes of mica; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Hyde County, North Carolina; about 2.0 miles south of Sladesville, 0.15 mile north of the intersection of Secondary Road 1143 and Secondary Road 1144, 0.35 mile east of Secondary Road 1143 on a farm path; 100 feet north of the farm path, in a field; Scranton USGS topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 26 minutes 04 seconds N. and long. 76 degrees 28 minutes 39 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum is 40 to more than 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Most pedons have few to common flakes of mica or fine black minerals in the lower part of the B horizon and in the C horizon. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to very strongly acid in the A and upper B horizons, except where surface layers have been limed, and extremely acid to neutral in the lower B and C horizons.
The A or AB horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N and value of 2 or 3. Texture is very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam with or without a mucky modifier.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N, and value of 4 to 7. Texture is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. Iron or clay depletions are in shades of gray and iron accumulations are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive.
The BCg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N, and value of 4 to 7. Texture is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. Iron or clay depletions are in shades of gray and iron accumulations are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive.
The Cg or 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2, or hue of N, and value of 4 to 7. Texture ranges from sand to clay, but is commonly sandy loam, silt loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. This horizon is stratified in some pedons. Iron or clay depletions are in shades of gray and iron accumulations are in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Series in closely related families include Acredale, Argent, Brookman, Cape Fear, Deloss, Gullrock, Hyde, Johnston, Pocomoke, Portsmouth, Roper, Stockade, and Weeksville soils. Acredale and Argent soils do not have an umbric epipedon. Brookman and Cape Fear soils are clayey and Cape Fear soils are Ultisols. Johnston, Pocomoke, and Weeksville soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section and except for Pocomoke, lack an argillic horizon. Deloss, Portsmouth, and Stockade soils are fine-loamy. Gullrock and Roper soils have a histic epipedon. Hyde soils are Ultisols.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hydeland soils are on broad flats and depressions in the Lower Coastal Plain. These soils formed in silty and loamy marine and fluvial sediments. Elevation is less than 25 feet. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 57 to 70 degrees F., the frost free season ranges from 215 to 250 days, and the average annual precipitation ranges from 46 to 58 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing Stockade, Brookman, Portsmouth, and Weeksville series are Acredale and Argent soils in better drained higher-lying areas and Roper, Wasda, and Gullrock soils in nearby depressions and along the edge of Pocosins. These soils lack an umbric epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained soils with moderately slow or slow permeability and very slow surface runoff. In undrained areas, the seasonal high water table is at or near the surface from December through April in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the areas are cleared, drained, and used for growing corn, soybeans, truck crops, pasture grasses, and legumes. Native vegetation consists primarily of pine and mixed hardwoods. Forest overstory species consists primarily of loblolly pine, sweetgum, swamp tupelo, water tupelo, red maple, baldcypress, pond pine, water oak, willow oak, and swamp chestnut oak. Understory species include waxmyrtle, sweetbay, redbay, switch cane, giant cane, blueberry, and southern bayberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina and possible Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED : Hyde County, North Carolina; 1996.
REMARKS: Hydeland soils were previously mapped as Hyde soils (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Typic Umbraquults). The original type location for the Hyde series was located in Hyde County. In 1989 three pedons were sampled for characterization by the Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. The base saturation at critical depth by the sum of cations method was greater than 35 percent, requiring a change in classification from Ultisols to Alfisols. The type location site for the Hyde series has been relocated to Tyrrell County, NC and the official series description revised.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Umbric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 11 inches. (Ap and AB horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 11 to 58 inches. (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, and Btg4 horizons)
Aquic conditions - endosaturation and redoximorphic features including masses of iron accumulation and iron depletions in the zone from 11 to 66 inches. (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, and Cg horizons)
MLRA = 153B
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data is available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE for the following pedons: S89NC-095-008 (OSD); S89NC-095-009; and S89NC-095-010
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0272 HYDELAND 0- 2 57- 70 215-250 46- 58 5- 25SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0272 NONE RARE 0-1.0 APPARENT DEC-APR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0272 0-11 VFSL L SIL 0- 0 95-100 5-18 5- 25 NC0272 0-11 MK-VFSL MK-L MK-SIL 0- 0 95-100 5-18 10- 35 NC0272 11-31 L SIL SICL 0- 0 95-100 18-35 5- 15 NC0272 31-58 L CL SIL 0- 0 95-100 12-35 5- 15 NC0272 58-66 SL L SIL 0- 0 90-100 5-35 5- 15
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0272 0-11 3.5- 5.5 3.-10 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0272 0-11 3.5- 5.5 10-15 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0272 11-31 3.5- 5.5 .2-3. 0- 0 0.06- 0.6 LOW NC0272 31-58 3.5- 7.3 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 0.6 LOW NC0272 58-66 3.5- 7.3 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 2.0 LOW