LOCATION NIPSUM                  TX+OK

Established Series
Rev. DDR:JAG:WJG:ROG
09/2020

NIPSUM SERIES

The Nipsum series consists of very deep, well drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in clayey and loamy alluvium and colluvium. These soils are on nearly level to very gently sloping drainageways and terraces on uplands in the Central Rolling Red Plains (MLRA 78B, 78C). Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 610 mm (24 in) and the mean annual temperature is about 17 degrees C (62 degrees F)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Cumulic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Nipsum clay--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--10 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in); brown (10YR 4/3) clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky and weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; few fine and medium roots; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 18 to 38 cm [7 to 15 in]).

A2--25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 in); brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common roots; many very fine pores; common wormcasts; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness is 25 to 61 cm [10 to 24 in]).

Bk1--76 to 122 cm (30 to 48 in); reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; about 3 percent by volume of calcium carbonate concretions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness is 20 to 76 cm [8 to 30 in]).

Bk2--122 to 152 cm (48 to 60 in); reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine concretions and masses of calcium carbonate and gypsum crystals; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Stonewall County, Texas; 3.6 miles south of county courthouse in Aspermont on U. S. Highway 83; east 4.5 miles on county road; 1.2 miles north and west on private ranch road and 61 meters (200 feet) north of private ranch road in rangeland. USGS topographic quadrangle: Aspermont Lake, TX; Latitude: 33 degrees, 6 minutes, 12.946 seconds N; Longitude: 100 degrees, 8 minutes, 24.447 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Typic-ustic soil moisture regime
Mean annual soil temperature: 16.6 to 18.8 degrees C (62-66 degrees F)

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Sand content: 7 to 30 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 8 percent gravel and cobbles

A horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Clay Content: 28 to 45 percent
Effervescence: None to strong
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline.

Bk1 Horizon
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 3 to 20 percent by volume of soft masses, films, threads and concretions
Gypsum: 1 to 10 percent by volume of Gypsum crystal
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline

Bk2 Horizon
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Clay content: 28 to 55 percent.
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 3 to 20 percent by volume of soft masses, films, threads and concretions of calcium carbonate
Gypsum: 2 to 15 by volume of gypsum crystal
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Clearfork and Westfork series. Similar soils include the Frio, Krum, Miller, Nukrum, Rioconcho, and Volente series.
Clearfork and Westfork soils are on floodplains. Westfork soils are in areas of higher precipitation.
Frio soils are on floodplains in areas of higher precipitation and have smectitic mineralogy.
Krum and Nukrum soils have vertic properties and smectitic mineralogy.
Miller and Rioconcho soils are on floodplains and have vertic properties.
Volente soils have a solum thickness less than 60 inches, a regular decrease in organic carbon, and fragments of limestone within 122 to 183 cm (48 to 72 in).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: clayey and loamy alluvium and colluvium
Landscape: Dissected plains
Landform: Terraces
Slope: 0.5 to 3 percent
Mean annual precipitation ranges: 508 to 660 mm (20 to 26 in)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 32 to 38
Mean annual air temperature: 15 to 18 degrees C (60 to 64 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 200 to 230 days
Elevation: 426.7 to 670.5 meters (1400 to 2200 feet)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Acme, Aspermont, Cottonwood, Kingco, Knoco, Quanah, Talpa, Tilvern, Vernon, and Westill series.
Acme and Cottonwood soils are less than 51 cm (20 in) thick over gypsum. Aspermont, Knoco, Tilvern and Vernon soils have a ochric epipedon and have sola less than 152 cm (60 in) thick.
Kingco soils have slickenslides. Quanah soils have a mollic epipedon less than 51 cm (20 in) thick.
Talpa soils are less than 51 cm (20 in) thick over limestone.
Westill soils have a mollic epipedon less than 51 cm (20 in) thick and have an argillic horizon. All of the associated soils occupy landscape positions higher than the Nipsum soils.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Well
Permeability: slow
Runoff: medium on slopes less than 1 percent and high on 1 to 3 percent slopes.

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major uses: rangeland, but some areas are cropped to wheat, sorghum, and cotton.
Native vegetation: buffalograss, tobosa grass, silver bluestem, vine mesquite, blue grama, and sideoats grama. Prickly pear, mesquite, and lote bush have invaded some areas.
Ecological sites assigned to phases and components of this series are listed below. Current ecological site assignments are in Web Soil Survey. Components of this series include the following ecological sites: Clay loam, Draw

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
General location: Central Rolling Red Plains of Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. MLRA: 78B-Central Rolling Red Plains, Western Part, 78C-Central Rolling Red Plains, Eastern Part. Extent: small

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stonewall County, Texas; 1970.

REMARKS: These soils were formerly classified as Chestnut soils intergrading to Alluvial great soil group.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from the surface to a depth of 76 cm (30 in) (the A1 and A2 horizons).
Cambic horizon - from a depth of 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 in) (the Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL Data Sample No. 97OK065003 from Jackson County, OK.
Soil Interpretation Record: TX0621

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.