LOCATION NAPOLI NY
Established Series
WEH-ERS-PSP
04/2013
NAPOLI SERIES
The Napoli series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in till derived from siltstone, shale and sandstone. A dense fragipan is present starting at depths of 12 to 27 inches. These soils are on glaciated uplands at elevations above 1800 feet. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual temperature is 44 degrees F. and mean annual precipitation is 37 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Aeric Fragiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Napoli silt loam in a hay field on a 4 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap -- 0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 11 inches thick.)
Bw -- 9 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 20 inches thick.)
Eg -- 15 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
Btx1 -- 23 to 33 inches, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) channery silt loam; faces of peds are grayish brown (10YR 5/2); moderate very coarse prismatic structure that parts to weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm, brittle; common distinct clay films on surfaces along pores and on all faces of peds; many dark manganese concretions; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation within peds, and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; 25 percent rock fragments, 5 percent greater than 3 inches; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btx2 -- 33 to 46 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) channery silty clay loam; faces of peds are grayish brown (10YR 5/2); moderate very coarse prismatic structure that parts to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, brittle; common distinct clay films on surfaces along pores and on all faces of peds; many dark manganese concretions; percent common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; 30 rock fragments, 10 percent larger than 3 inches; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btx horizons is 14 to 40 inches.)
C -- 46 to 72 inches, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) channery silty clay loam; massive; firm; 30 percent rock fragments, 10 percent larger than 3 inches; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and brown (10YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Cattaraugus County, New York; town of Lyndon, 1500 feet north of County Route 24 and 20 feet west of South Center Road, at an elevation of 2090 feet. USGS Rawson, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 16 minutes, 44 seconds N. and Longitude 78 degrees, 21 minutes, 28 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 75 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Depth to the top of the fragipan horizon is 12 to 27 inches. Rock fragments, dominantly channers and flagstones, range from 5 to 35 percent by volume in the surface layer, from 10 to 45 percent in the upper part of the subsoil, from 15 to 45 percent in the lower part of the subsoil, and from 20 to 60 percent in the substratum.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction. It has weak or moderate, fine or medium granular or subangular blocky structure. Consistence is very friable or friable. Reaction commonly ranges from very strongly acid through slightly acid. Thickness of the A horizons ranges from 2 to 5 inches.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 or 4 with distinct or prominent redoximorphic features. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or granular. Consistence is very friable or friable. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid. Some pedons have a Bg horizon with chroma of 2.
The Eg or E horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or platy. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid.
The Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is prismatic and/or blocky. Some horizons have weak platy structure. Consistence is firm or very firm, and is brittle or slightly brittle. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through slightly acid.
Some pedons have a BC horizon that has color similar to the Btx horizon and texture similar to the C horizon. Structure is prismatic or platy, or the material is massive.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam. Some subhorizons are silty clay. The material is massive or has plate like divisions. Consistence is firm or very firm. Reaction ranges from strongly acid through neutral but the range includes slightly alkaline in the C horizon in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: The
Shongo series are in the same family. Shongo soils are formed in colluvium and residual material. They do not contain granite glacial erratics.
Similar series in related families are the
Abbottstown,
Almond,
Burdett,
Cambridge,
Darien,
Erie,
Gresham,
Gretor,
Ontusia,
Ravenna,
Volusia and
Venango series. Abbottstown, Gresham, Ravenna, and Venango soils have a mesic temperature regime. Almond, Burdett, and Darien soils lack fragipan horizons. Cambridge soils lack redoximorphic features in the upper part of the subsoil. Erie, Ontusia and Volusia soils lack argillic horizons. Gretor soils have bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Napoli soils are nearly level to moderately steep soils on upland hilltops, lower valley sides and toeslopes. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. The soils formed in Illinoian or early Wisconsin age till derived from siltstone, shale, granite, and fine-grained sandstone. These soils are near the glaciated-unglaciated border. Mean annual temperature ranges from 41 to 46 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the mean annual frost-free period ranges from 90 to 120 days. These soils are at elevations from 1750 feet to 2400 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Napoli soils are the somewhat poorly drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the moderately well drained
Yorkshire soils. The
Almond,
Darien,
Erie,
Fremont,
Gretor,
Ischua,
Steamburg, and
Volusia soils are on nearby landscapes. Almond and Steamburg soils are in areas that lack a fragipan horizon. Ischua and Gretor soils occur where bedrock is at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Competing Darien, Erie and Volusia soils, and Fremont soils occur at lower elevations, and in addition Fremont soils lack fragipan horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to high. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the surface layer and upper part of the subsoil, and moderately slow to slow in the fragipan and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Napoli soils were cleared at one time and used for growing hay and pasture with some corn and small grains. Because of the relatively short growing season many areas are reverting to woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods of sugar maple, white ash, black cherry, beech, hemlock and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Glaciated Appalachian Plateau of New York and possibly Pennsylvania. MLRA 140. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cattaraugus County, New York, 2002.
REMARKS: The occurrence of Napoli soils is near the outer glacial margin with residual soils.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon are:
(1) Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 9 inches
(Ap horizon).
(2) Argillic horizon - the zone from 23 to 46 inches (Btx horizons).
(3) Fragipan - the zone from 23 to 46 inches (Btx horizons).
(4) Aqualfs suborder - aquic moisture conditions, and evidence of wetness that includes 2 chroma ped face colors and redoximorphic features in the zone from 23 to 46 inches (Btx horizons), and redoximorphic features immediately below the Ap horizon (Bw horizon).
(5) Aeric subgroup - as evidenced by the dominant high chroma (>2) zone at a depth of 9 to 15 inches (Bw horizon).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.