LOCATION SHONGO NY+PAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Aeric Fragiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Shongo silt loam, on a 7 percent slope in an idle field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick).
BE--6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; few fine pores; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses ofiron accumulation and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick).
Bt--14 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on ped faces and in pores; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on all ped faces and in the matrix; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 14 inches thick).
Btx1--24 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) channery silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure, parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm, slightly brittle; few fine roots along prism faces;common pores; prism faces are 1/8 inch thick and have light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) exteriors with strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) rinds; common distinct clay films on ped faces and in pores; common manganese concretions; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on ped faces and in the matrix; 30 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btx2--45 to 56 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm, slightly brittle; common pores; prism faces are 1/8 inch thick and have gray (10YR 6/1) exteriors and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) rinds; common distinct clay films on ped faces and in pores; common manganese concretions; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions on ped faces and in the matrix; 30 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btx horizon is 20 to 50 inches.)
BC--56 to 72 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay loam; moderate coarse platy structure; firm; common manganese stains; 35 percent rock fragments; moderately acid. (0 to 20 inches thick).
C--72 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) channery silty clay loam; massive, common manganese stains; 45 percent rock fragments; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Cattaraugus County, New York; town of Red House, Allegany State Park; 150 feet north of Bay State Road and 4,350 feet east of English Stoddard Road. USGS Red House, Topographic Quadrangle, Latitude: 42 degrees 03 minutes, 14 seconds N. and Longitude; 78 degrees, 46 minutes, 57 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 36 to 80 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 5 to 35 percent in the surface layer, 5 to 40 percent in the subsoil, and 15 to 60 percent in the substratum. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid in the subsoil, unless limed, and from very strongly acid through slightly acid in the substratum.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 1 through 3. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam or loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or granular. Consistence is very friable or friable.
The Bt has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 2 through 6, with low and high chroma redoximorphic features in the upper 10 inches of the horizon. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam or loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or firm.
The Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 2 through 8. Texture is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is prismatic parting to blocky. Some
horizons have weak platy structure. A thin stone line is present in the lower part of this horizon in some pedons. Consistence is firm or very firm.
The BC horizon that has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth. Structure is platy or prismatic. Consistence is firm or very firm.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 6, chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. It is massive. Consistence is friable to very firm.
COMPETING SERIES: The only competing series at this time is the Napoli (T) series in the same family. Napoli soils developed in glacial till parent material, and contain granite glacial erratics.
The Abbottstown, Buckingham, Gresham, Portville, Ravenna and Venango series are in related families. Abbottstown is deep to bedrock and is formed in red residual material. Buckingham soilsare Northern Piedmont soils derived from red and gray metamorphic parent material and allow 5YR hue in the solum. Gresham, Ravenna, and Venango soils have glacial till parent material. Portville soils have mesic temperature regimes. Other related families include the Carrollton, Dusler, Freer, Frewsburg, Keewatin, Simoda, Stuntz, and Trussel series are in related families. Carrollton and Frewsburg soils have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Dusler, Freer, Keewatin, and Stuntz soils have tongues of albic material in the argillic horizon. Simoda and Trussel soils lack an argillic horizon. Gilpin and Blairton soils are related series that have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches, and have mesic temperature regimes.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Shongo soils are nearly level to sloping and are on benches, saddles, lower hillsides and concave footslopes. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The soil developed in colluvium from interbedded shale, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 46 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the growing season ranges from 100 to 120 days. These soils are mostly
at elevations of 1800 to 2400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Shongo soils are the somewhat poorly drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the well drained Kinzua soils and the moderately well drained Onoville soils. The Brinkerton, Buchanan, Carrollton, Eldred, Elko, Frewsburg, and Ivory soils are on related landscapes. Brinkerton, and Buchanan soils are at lower elevations and are in mesic temperature regimes. Carrollton and Frewsburg soils have bedrock of 20 to 40 inches. Eldred and Elko soils are moderately well drained. Ivory soils have a fine particle size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to high. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow above the fragipan, and moderately slow or slow in the fragipan and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas are used for hay and pasture. Some corn and small grain is grown for silage. Because of the relatively short growing season, many areas are reverting to woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods of sugar maple, white ash, beech, hemlock and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Allegheny Plateau and Mountains of New York and Pennsylvania at elevations above 1900 feet. MLRA 127. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cattaraugus County, New York 2002.
REMARKS: Complete characterization data available S90NY-009-007. Reference Soil Interpretation Record: NY0587.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to 14 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 14 to 56 inches (Bt and Btx horizons).
c. Fragipan - the zone from 24 to 56 inches (Btx horizon).
d. Aqualfs suborder - aquic moisture regime, and evidence of wetness that includes redoximorphic features, 2 chroma ped face colors in the zone from 14 to 24 inches (Bt horizon), and iron depletions immediately below the Ap
horizon (BE horizon).
e. Aeric subgroup - as evidenced by the dominant high chroma (>2) zone at a depth of 6 to 14 inches (BE horizon).