LOCATION OCHEDA MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Ocheda silty clay loam, on a 1 percent slightly convex slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist conditions unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 24 inches thick)
AB--11 to 20 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam; dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--20 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; strong medium prismatic structure; firm; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) earthworm casts; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--24 to 28 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 6 to 18 inches.)
Bkg1--28 to 34 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonates; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bkg2--34 to 57 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonates; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual way boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bk horizon is 0 to 30 inches.)
2Cg--57 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam with strata of sand less than 1 inch at contact of till; massive; friable; about 5 percent rock fragments; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations, slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Nobles County, Minnesota; about 4.5 miles east of Worthington; located about 1,500 feet west and 500 feet north of the southeast corner of section 23, T. 102 N., R. 39 W.; USGS Round Lake topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 37 minutes 03 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 28 minutes 44 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonates ranges from18 to 44 inches. Thickness of the lacustrine mantle over glacial till ranges from 40 to 60 inches. The upper sediment typically lacks rock fragments but in some pedons it contains up to 5 percent by volume of rock fragments. The glacial till contains 2 to 8 percent by volume of rock fragments. The rock fragments are mixed in lithology, but shale is a significant component. A thin stone line or loamy or sandy layer is at the base of the upper sediment in some pedons. The mollic epipedon ranges from 12 to 24 inches in thickness. The 10 to 40 inch control section averages between 35 and 48 percent clay and 15 and 35 percent sand. The upper sediment averages between 35 and 60 percent clay and between 10 to 30 percent sand. The sand is mostly fine and very fine.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Typically it is silty clay or silty clay loam, but clay loam is in the range. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The Bw or Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. It is firm or very firm. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The Bk or Bkg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silty clay loam or silty clay. It has common masses of secondary carbonates. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
A 2Bw or 2Bk horizon is present in some pedons.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 3. It is loam or clay loam, but has a thin sandy layer in the upper part of some pedons. It has a calcium carbonate equivalent of 10 to 18 percent. It has few masses of secondary carbonates in the upper part in some pedons. The bulk density ranges from 1.35 to 1.6 g/cc. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Collinwood, Guckeen, Kandiyohi, and Nameoki series. The Collinwood soils lake glacial till within the series control section. Guckeen soils have glacial till 2C horizons starting at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Kandiyohi soils have a bulk density of 1.6 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower part of the series control section. Nameoki soils formed in stratified sediments and lack glacial till within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly convex slopes on lake plains or ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in a 40 to 60 inch thick mantle of clayey lacustrine sediments and in underlying loamy calcareous glacial till or modified glacial till. These deposits are Late Wisconsinan in age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 30 inches. Frost-free period ranges from 145 to 160 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the well drained Clarion, Collinwood, Okabena, Okoboj, Lura, Marna, Nicollet and Webster and soils. The well drained Clarion soils are gently undulating slopes. The somewhat poorly drained Collinwood, Okabena, and Nicollet soils occupy similar slopes. The very poorly drained Lura and Okoboji soils are in depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is low. Permeability is slow or moderately slow. Depth to a seasonal high saturation is 1.5 to 2.0 feet at sometime during November to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most all of this soil is cultivated with corn and soybeans being the principal crops. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 103. South central Minnesota and possibly north central Iowa. Not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nobles County, Minnesota, 2002.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon include: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 20 inches (Ap, AB horizons); Cambic horizon - zone from 20 to 28 inches (Bw1, Bw2 horizons); Calcic horizon - zone from - 28 to 57 inches (Bk1, Bk2 horizons).
In the past this soil was included in the Guckeen series.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Central File Code Numbers 503 and 506 for results of some laboratory analysis of similar pedons.