LOCATION OZAUKEE WI+IL IN

Established Series
Rev. HFG-DEC-AAC
02/2017

OZAUKEE SERIES

The Ozaukee series consists of moderately well drained soils that are moderately deep or deep to a densic contact with till (Cd). They formed in as much as 46 cm (18 inches) of loess and in the underlying dense till on ground and end moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 950 mm (37.4 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 9.7 degrees C (49.5 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Ozaukee silt loam - on a 4 percent north-facing convex slope in a wooded area at an elevation of about 266 meters (873 feet) above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) thick]

E--13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure parts to weak thin platy; friable; many very fine and fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on surfaces along pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic stains on faces of peds; few distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry silt coats on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]

Bt1--25 to 36 cm (10 to 14 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; very few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on surfaces along pores; few distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry silt coats on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches) thick]

2Bt2--36 to 48 cm (14 to 19 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay; weak fine prismatic structure parts to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on surfaces along pores; few distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry silt coats on faces of peds; 1 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3--48 to 69 cm (19 to 27 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parts to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on surfaces along pores; common fine prominent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) manganese masses throughout; 1 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt4--69 to 84 cm (27 to 33 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on surfaces along pores; 3 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt5--84 to 97 cm (33 to 38 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 20 to 66 cm (8 to 26 inches).]

2Cd--97 to 152 cm (38 to 60 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; massive; very firm; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on surfaces along pores; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium and coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Lake County, Illinois; about 2 miles southeast of Wauconda; 660 feet north and 1800 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 44 N., R. 10 E.; USGS Lake Zurich, IL topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 14 minutes 33.4 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 6 minutes 30.6 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T, 408546.3 easting, 4677308.3 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and soil development: 51 to 114 cm (20 to 45 inches)
Thickness of loess mantle: 0 to 46 cm (0 to 18 inches)
Depth to the densic contact: 51 to 114 cm (20 to 45 inches)
Depth to carbonates: less than 102 cm (40 inches)
Volume of gravel in the loess: 0 to 2 percent
Volume of gravel in the till: 1 to 15 percent
Volume of cobbles and stones in the loess: 0 to 1 percent
Volume of cobbles and stones in the till: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum, neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part; moderately alkaline in the substratum
Saturation and redox features: within 102 cm (40 inches)

A horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, colors with moist value of 3 have value dry of 6 or more
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam but is silty clay loam or clay loam in severely eroded pedons

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam

Some pedons have a BE horizon.

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: averages less than 35 percent

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4, chroma of 2 below the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: averages 35 to 50 percent

2Btk horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4, chroma of 2 below the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon
Texture: silty clay loam but clay loam in some pedons
Clay content: averages less than 35 percent

2Cd horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam, but clay loam in some pedons
Clay content: averages 27 to 35 percent
Silt content: averages more than 50 percent
Bulk density: more than 1.65 gm/cc

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alexandria, Brushcreek, Lairdsville, Lucas, Morley, Schoharie, and St. Clair series. Alexandria and Morley soils average less than 50 percent silt content in the lower part of the series control section. Brushcreek and Lairdsville soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Lucas soils do not have rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Schoharie and St. Clair soils have more than 35 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on ground and end moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. These soils formed in as much as 46 cm (18inches) of loess and in the underlying dense till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 800 to 1067 mm (31.5 to 42 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 6.5 to 11.6 degrees C (43.7 to 52.9 degrees F). The frost free period ranges from about 125 to 195 days. Elevation ranges from 146 to 310 meters (479 to 1017 feet) above sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ashkum, Blount, Hochheim, Kewaunee, Manawa, Mequon, Pewamo, and Theresa soils. The somewhat poorly drained Blount and Mequon soils and the poorly drained Ashkum and Pewamo soils form a drainage sequence with Ozaukee soils. Where the silty clay loam till of the Ozaukee borders on reddish clay drift, the well drained and moderately well drained Kewaunee and somewhat poorly drained Manawa soils occur. The well drained Theresa and Hochheim soils are nearby where the silty clay loam till borders on till with a loam texture.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from medium to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometer per second). Permeability is slow. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 61 to 107 cm (2 to 3.5 feet) for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: The less sloping areas are mostly used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. The more sloping areas are mostly used for pastureland and woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest. Common trees are northern red oak, American basswood, white ash, and sugar maple.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95B, 97, 108A, and 110 in northeastern and east-central Illinois, northwestern Indiana, and southeastern Wisconsin. This soil is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Milwaukee-Waukesha Counties, 1966.

REMARKS: A new typical pedon was added with this update to better reflect the drainage and classification.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches) (A and E horizons);
argillic horizon - 25 to 97 cm (10 to 38 inches) (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4, and 2Bt5 horizons);
oxyaquic feature - saturation within 102 cm (40 inches) for 1 month per year in 6 or more out of 10 years;
densic contact - 97 cm (38 inches) (2Cd horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Soil Survey Sample numbers 58WI089001 and 58WI131001 for NSSC-KSSL data on two Ozaukee pedons. Refer to Soil Survey Sample numbers 58WI059003 and 58WI101004 for data sampled as Morley which now correlates to Ozaukee. All four pedons are also in Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 17 on pages 112-115 and 144-147. Also refer to Lab Pedon Numbers 63IL043001, 68IL043001, and 77IL019032 for additional NSSC-KSSL data.
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.