LOCATION PATTON                  IL+IN KY OH

Established Series
Rev. EGH-JWS-RDC
08/2011

PATTON SERIES

The Patton series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils formed in glaciolacustrine deposits on stream terraces and glacial lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1067 mm (42 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 13 degrees C (56 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Patton silty clay loam, in a nearly level in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 117 meters (385 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches).]

Bg1--38 to 51 cm (15 to 20 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on faces of peds; few fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions and few fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2--51 to 71 cm (20 to 28 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg3--71 to 89 cm (28 to 35 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 30 to 94 cm (12 to 37 inches).]

Cg--89 to 152 cm (35 to 60 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) stratified silty clay loam and silt loam; massive; friable; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; strongly effervescent in lower part; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Edwards County, Illinois; about 8 miles west and 1 mile north of Grayville; 475 feet north and 50 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 8, T. 3 S., R. 10 E.; USGS. Golden Gate, Illinois topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 16 minutes 18 seconds N. and long.88 degrees 07 minutes 52 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16, 401066 easting and 4236357 northing; NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: typically 76 to 102 cm (30 to 40 inches), and ranges from 61 to 140 cm (24 to 55 inches)
Depth to carbonates: greater than 102 cm (40 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 61 cm (10 to 24 inches): the mollic epipedon includes the upper part of the B horizon in some pedons
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay
Rock fragment content: typically averages less than 5 percent in the series control section but can range to 15 percent in individual subhorizons

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 (3 to 5 dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam but is silt loam in some pedons
Consistence: friable or firm
Clay content: 22 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to neutral

Some pedons have a thin lighter colored silt loam overwash on the surface.

Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y, or is neutral
Value: 3 to 5; value of 3 is in the upper part of some pedons
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: dominantly silty clay loam but includes subhorizons of silt loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features: 7.5YR to 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma typically of 3 to 6 but ranging from 1 to 8
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Some pedons have a BCg horizon.

Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: stratified silty clay loam and silt loam, but some pedons contain thin strata of coarser or finer textures
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Sand content: 7 to 25 percent and is dominantly very fine sand and fine sand
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chalmers, Chetomba, Dolbee, Drummer, Dunham, Elpaso, Elvira, Garwin, Gillett Grove, Hartsburg, Madelia, Marcus, Mascoutah, Maxcreek, Maxfield, Maxmore, Ossian, Pella, Rushmore, Sable and Wacousta series. Chalmers soils have less than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Chetomba, Hartsburg, Madelia, Pella, Rushmore, and Wacousta soils have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Dolbee, Elpaso, Marcus, and Sable soils do not have stratification in the lower part of the series control section. Drummer soils do not have dominantly very fine or fine sand fraction in the lower part of the series control section. Dunham soils have subhorizons with more than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Elvira soils have redox concentrations with hue redder than 7.5YR in the Bg horizon. Garwin and Mascoutah soils have less than 7 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Gillett Grove, Maxcreek, Maxfield, and Maxmore soils have more than 25 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Ossian soils average less than 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Patton soils are on nearly level to depressional parts of stream terraces and glacial lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Patton soils formed in glaciolacustrine deposits and typically are underlain by stratified silty and loamy outwash sediments of Wisconsinan age. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 88 to 1219 mm (35 to 48 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Camden, Harco, Henshaw, Markland, Marissa, Mcgary, Montgomery, Starks, Uniontown, and Zipp soils. The well drained Camden and Markland soils and the moderately well drained Uniontown soils do not have a mollic epipedon and have an argillic horizon. They are on nearby higher-lying or more sloping stream terraces. The somewhat poorly drained Harco soils have carbonates at depths less than 102 cm (40 inches), are on slightly higher parts of stream terraces, and form a hydro-sequence with Patton soils. The somewhat poorly drained Henshaw, McGary, and Starks soils do not have a mollic epipedon and have an argillic horizon. These soils are on similar but slightly higher stream terraces. The somewhat poorly drained Marissa soils have an albic horizon and an argillic horizon, and are on slightly higher stream terraces. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Montgomery and Zipp soils contain more clay in the control section. In addition, Zipp soils do not have a mollic epipedon. Montgomery and Zipp soils are on adjacent or somewhat lower parts of glacial lake plains and stream terraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Potential for surface water runoff is negligible to low. Ponding typically occurs in the spring. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high throughout. Permeability is moderate in the solum and typically is moderately slow in the substratum. Flooded phases are recognized with flooding frequency ranging from rare to frequent (see Remarks).

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for corn, soybeans, small grain and meadow. Native vegetation is hydrophytic vegetation including grasses, sedges, and widely spaced trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 99, 108A, 110, 111A, 111B, 111E, 113, 114A, 115A, 121, and 124 in southern Illinois, central and southwestern Indiana, western Ohio, and northern Kentucky. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wabash County, Illinois, 1931.

REMARKS: Areas mapped with frequent and occasional flooding will be evaluated during MLRA update activities to determine if placement in the Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls great group is more appropriate. The current concept of the Patton series does not place them on active flood plains.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 38 cm (15 inches) (Ap and A horizons).
Cambic horizon: from a depth 38 to 89 cm (15 to 35 inches) (Bg1, Bg2, and Bg3 horizons).
Aquic conditions: redox features in the lower part of the mollic as well as gray matrix and redox features in underlying horizons.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.