LOCATION PAWLING NY VTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Pawling silt loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted)
Ap-- 0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 11 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 8 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 14 to 21 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; many fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions within the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw3-- 21 to 25 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine pores; many fine medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions within the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw4-- 25 to 33 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine pores; many fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions within the matrix; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 9 to 40 inches.)
2C1-- 33 to 37 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loamy sand; massive; very friable; 25 percent rock fragments; many fine pores; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 30 inches thick.)
2C2-- 37 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; estimated 55 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Dutchess County, New York. Town of LaGrange. About 400 feet north along County Road 33 from the intersection of County Road 42, then 2,000 feet west in a cropland field. USGS Pleasant Valley, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 41 degree, 38 minutes, 18 seconds N. and Longitude 73 degrees, 47 minutes, 55 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 45 inches, and the depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 10 percent, by volume, in the solum and 15 to 70 percent in the substratum. Unless limed, reaction ranges from strongly acid to moderately acid above 20 inches and moderately acid to neutral in the lower part of the solum and substratum.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam or loam. It has weak or moderate, medium or fine granular structure. Consistence is friable or very friable. Thickness of the A horizon ranges from 2 to 5 inches.
The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 or 4. Redoximorphic features with hue of 2.5Y, 5Y, or 10YR, values of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 to 3 are present in the lower part. Textures are silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam. They have weak or moderate, fine to coarse subangular blocky or granular structure, perhaps parting from prismatic. Consistence is friable or very friable.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 to 3. Redoximorphic features with colors like the B are in some pedons. Textures are sand or loamy sand in the fine earth fraction. It is massive or single grain. Consistence is very friable or loose.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
The Basher, Middlebury, Philo, and Podunk are similar soils in related families. All of these soils lack sandy or sandy-skeletal textures within a depth of 40 inches. In addition, Basher, Philo, and Podunk soils have less than 60 percent base saturation within a depth of 30 inches. Basher soils are redder than 7.5YR in the upper part of the B horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pawling soils are on level or nearly level flood plains with slopes ranging from 0 to 3 percent. They formed in loamy alluvium washed from upland soils formed mainly from till derived from shale, siltstone and slate rocks. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the frost-free season ranges from 120 to 160 days. Elevation ranges from 50 to 1500 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Amenia, Cambridge, Chenango, Georgia, Massena, Pittsfield, Riverhead, Stockbridge, Valois, and Wappinger soils. Amenia, Cambridge, Georgia, Messena, Pittsfield, Stockbridge, and Valois soils are in nearby till deposits. Riverhead and Chenango soils are adjacent on higher terraces. Well drained Wappinger soils form a drainage sequence with Pawling soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to medium. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately rapid to rapid in the underlying substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Areas of Pawling soils are cleared and cultivated or are in woodland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: New York, Vermont, and possibly other adjacent states in New England. MLRA's 140 and 144A. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rutland County, Vermont. 1985.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other feature recognized in the typical pedon:
(1) Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 8 inches (Ap horizon).
(2) Cambic horizon - the zone from 8 to 33 inches (Bw horizons).
(3) Base saturation that is greater than 60 percent in some part above a depth of 30 inches.
(4) Fluvaquentic subgroup - as evidenced by an irregular decrease in organic carbon and low chroma redoximorphic features within a depth of 25 inches.
Soil Interpretation Record: NY0251