LOCATION PEEVER SD+MN NDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Peever clay loam - on east-facing, 1 percent slopes in alfalfa field. Soil was moist throughout when described. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist, moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--7 to 12 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, slightly sticky and plastic; shiny coatings on faces of peds; common fine and medium tongues of very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; neutral; gradual irregular boundary.
Bt2--12 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; shiny coatings on faces of peds; common fine and medium tongues of very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary. (Combined Bt horizons is 9 to 21 inches thick.)
Bk1--20 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common fine tongues of very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; many medium accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk2--32 to 39 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; common fine prominent mottles of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and gray (N 5/) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common medium and fine accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk3--39 to 49 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine and medium prominent mottles of gray (N 5/) strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizons is 6 to 28 inches thick.)
C--49 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine and medium prominent mottles of gray (N 5/) strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Roberts County, South Dakota; about 2 miles west and 6 miles south of Peever; 528 feet east and 150 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 123 N., R. 51 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonate typically is about 18 to 20 inches, but range from 13 to 26 inches. When the soil is dry, cracks 1/2 to 1 inch wide and several feet long extend downward through the solum. The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches in thickness and extends into the Bt horizon.
The A horizon has value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1.5 or less. It typically is clay loam, but is loam, silty clay loam, silty clay or clay in some pedons. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 2 to 4 moist, and chroma of 1 to 3. Tongues or coatings are along vertical ped faces. The Bt horizon is clay, silty clay, or clay loam. It typically averages between 35 and 45 percent clay but has up to 55 percent clay in some pedons. It has 15 percent or more fine or coarser sand. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline. Some pedons have a Btk horizon.
The Bk and C horizons have value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. They are clay or clay loam and are mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Accumulations of carbonate are few to many. Few or common nests of gypsum are in the lower part of the C horizons in some pedons. Mottling inherent to the parent till is common below depths of about 30 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Peever soils are on nearly level to sloping uplands having plane and convex slopes. Slope gradients typically are less than 6 percent but range from 0 to 9 percent. Peever soils formed in firm clay or clay loam glacial till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 48 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 16 to 24 inches. Growing season is about 120 to 140 days; average growing season precipitation from 14 to 18 inches; and growing degree days are about 2500 to 3000.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aastad, Buse, Cavour, Forman, Hamerly, Hattie, Parnell, and Tonka soils. Aastad soils have a mollic epipedon more than 16 inches thick and are in swales and lower toe slopes. Buse soils do not have an argillic horizon and are on higher landscape positions than the Peever soils. Cavour soils have a natric horizon and are in slightly lower positions. Forman soils have a fine-loamy series control section and are in similar landscape positions as the Peever soils. Hamerly soils have a calcic horizon within 16 a depth of 16 inches and are in swales or surrounding depressions. Hattie soils do not have an argillic horizon and are on higher landscape positions than the Peever soils. The poorly drained Parnell and Tonka soils have a fine textured series control section and are in depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium or high. Permeability is moderately slow or slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: When cultivated, small grains, corn and feed grains are the principal crops. Native vegetation is little bluestem, sideoats grama, blue grama, big bluestem, green needlegrass, western wheatgrass, sedges, and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern South Dakota, west central Minnesota, and southeastern North Dakota. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richland County, North Dakota, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 12 inches (Ap and Bt1 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from a depth of about 7 to 20 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).