LOCATION PULA                    NV

Established Series
Rev: DMC-GJS-JBF
06/2017

PULA SERIES

The Pula series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Pula soils are on fan piedmont remnants and terrace side slopes. Slopes are 4 to 50 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 300 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Xeric Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Pula very cobbly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A1--0 to 5 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very cobbly fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 25 percent gravel and 30 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 10 cm thick)

A2--5 to 13 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 10 cm thick)

Bt1--13 to 23 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine, and common medium and coarse roots; many very fine tubular pores; common faint clay films coating and bridging sand grains and on ped faces and lining pores; 40 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 15 cm thick)

Bt2--23 to 33 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, and medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on ped faces; 45 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 15 cm thick)

Bt3--33 to 43 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; continuous distinct clay films on ped faces; 70 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 15 cm thick)

Bt4--43 to 56 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films coating and bridging sand grains; 70 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bt5--56 to 76 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; common faint clay films coating and bridging sand grains; 70 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

C--76 to 152 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) extremely gravelly sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; 75 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Nevada; approximately 12 miles east and 2 miles north of Gardnerville; about 520 feet east and 1,560 feet north of the southwest corner of section 28, T. l3 N., R. 22 E.; USGS Mount Siegel 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 57 minutes 31 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 31 minutes 36 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 38.9586111 latitude, -119.5266667 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry; moist November through June; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Combined A and Bt thickness: 56 to 100 cm.
Reaction: Slightly acid through slightly alkaline, usually increasing with depth.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 35 to 55 percent.
Rock fragments: 55 to 75 percent mostly gravel.

A horizons
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Structure: Platy, granular, or subangular blocky.

Bt horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6.
Textures: Very or extremely gravelly clay, sandy clay, or heavy clay loam.
Structure: Moderate or strong, fine or medium subangular blocky or prismatic.

C horizon
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Berning, Bilbo, Havington, Cleavage, Lambranch, Surgem, Maderbak, Tanawit, Tenmile, Vanwyper and Zephan series.

Berning soils have a solum thicker than 100 cm. Bilbo soils have less than 60 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section. Cleavage, Havington, Maderbak, Surgem, Vanwyper and Zephan soils are moderately deep. Lambranch soils have a BC horizon with 20 to 35 percent clay. Tanawit soils have secondary carbonates at 38 to 76 cm. Tenmile soils have soil temperatures of 11 to 13 degrees C and 35 to 55 percent rock fragments in the argillic horizon. .

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pula soils are on side slopes of terraces. Elevations are 1,590 to 1,985 meters. Slopes are 4 to 50 percent. The soils formed in alluvium and colluvium derived from mixed rocks. The climate has dry warm summer and cool moist winter. Mean annual temperature is 7 to 9 degrees C and mean annual precipitation is 250 to 300 mm. Frost-free season is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cassiro, Chalco, Indian Creek, Nosrac, Phing, and Reno soils. Cassiro soils have a mollic epipedon. Chalco soils have a paralithic contact within 50 cm. Indian Creek soils have a duripan at a depth of 25 to 50 cm. Nosrac soils have a mollic epipedon and a clay loam argillic horizon. Phing soils have a clayey argillic horizon. Reno soils have a duripan at a depth of 50 to 100 cm.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium or rapid runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly Wyoming big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, currant and Thurbers needlegrass with invasion of singleleaf pinyon pine and Utah juniper. Many areas have been burned.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. Pula soils are of small extent. MLRA 26.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County Area, Nevada, l98l.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the surface to 13 cm (A1 and A2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 13 to 76 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4 and Bt5 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 13 to 63 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and Bt4 horizons and part of the Bt5 horizon).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.