LOCATION TANAWIT                 WA

Established Series
Rev. PNP/KDPL/SBC
09/2019

TANAWIT SERIES

Landscape--plateaus, canyonlands
Landform--ridges, canyons
Slope--5 to 60 percent
Parent material--colluvium derived from basalt over stratified sediments
Mean annual precipitation--180 to 230 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 10 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--aridic (bordering on xeric)
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--xeric

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Xeric Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Tanawit very cobbly loam in an area of rangeland, on an 8-percent, south-facing slope

A--0 to 13 cm; very cobbly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; few very fine tubular pores; 15 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; 30 percent cobbles on surface; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary

Bt1--13 to 28 cm; very cobbly clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few fine tubular pores; common thin clay films on faces of peds; 15 percent gravel and 30 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear wavy boundary

Bt2--28 to 46 cm; very cobbly clay, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong medium angular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few fine tubular pores; many moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel and 30 percent cobbles; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); abrupt wavy boundary

Bk--46 to 71 cm; gravelly clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; very hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent disseminated carbonates; 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary

2C--71 to 150 cm; sandy loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) dry, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) moist; massive; hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent disseminated carbonates; strongly alkaline (pH 8.7)

TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington, about 14.5 km southwest of Toppenish; about 275 m west and 365 m north of the southeast corner of section 17, T. 9 N., R. 19 E.; latitude 46.2614151, longitude -120.4638449, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from section, township, and range)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of solum--55 to 85 cm
Depth to secondary carbonates--38 to 76 cm
Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm--9 to 11 degrees C
Moisture control section--dry in all parts more than one-half the time that the soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm is higher than 5 degrees C (about 105 to 120 consecutive days)
Particle-size control section (argillic horizon)--25 to 50 cm thick; averages 35 to 45 percent clay and 35 to 60 percent rock fragments

A horizon
Value--4 or 5 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 dry or moist
Rock fragment content--20 to 50 percent
Reaction--6.1 to 7.8
Thickness--8 to 20 cm

Bt horizon
Value--6 or 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma--2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture--very gravelly or very cobbly clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay
Rock fragment content--35 to 60 percent
Reaction--6.1 to 8.4
Combined thickness--25 to 74 cm

Bk horizon
Hue--2.5Y, 10YR
Value--6 or 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture--clay loam, silty clay loam
Rock fragment content--0 to 50 percent
Reaction--7.4 to 9.0
Thickness--25 to 48 cm

2C horizon
Texture--sandy loam, silt loam, loam
Reaction--7.4 to 9.0

COMPETING SERIES:
Berning--argillic horizon more than 50 cm thick
Bilbo--extremely gravelly loamy sand or very gravelly sandy loam at a depth of 50 to 100 cm
Clenage--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Havingdon--50 to 66 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (chert)
Lambranch, Pula--no free carbonates above a depth of 150 cm
Maderbak--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (andesitic rock)
Surgem--50 to 76 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (granodiorite)
Tenmile--more than 100 cm deep to secondary carbonates
Vanwyper--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (quartzite)
Zephan--64 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a paralithic contact (rhyolite)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--370 to 670 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--180 to 230 mm
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 11 degrees C
Frost-free season--130 to 170 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bakeoven--10 to 25 cm (very shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Fortyday--36 to 50 cm (shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Horseflat--loamy-skeletal particle-size class; 30 to 50 cm (shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Kiona--cambic horizon; loamy-skeletal particle-size class
Shano--coarse-silty particle-size class; cambic horizon
Sohappy--coarse-loamy particle-size class; cambic horizon

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing
Vegetation--bluebunch wheatgrass, gray biscuitroot, Cusick's sunflower, Sandberg bluegrass, gray rabbitbrush, Wyoming big sagebrush

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East slopes of Cascade Mountains in south-central Washington, Yakima County; MLRA 8; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington; 2014

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Argillic horizon--zone from 13 to 46 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 13 to 46 cm; averages 35 to 60 percent rock fragments and 35 to 45 percent clay

Tanawit is the Yakama word for cave. The type location for the series is near a place on the Yakama Reservation called Hole in the Wall. In 1987, this series was named the Lizzysprings series.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.