LOCATION PERIDA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, smectitic, frigid Arenic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Perida loamy sand on a plane, south-facing slope of 2 percent, in an abandoned cropland, at an elevation of about 1065 feet. (Colors are for a moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--13 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--38 to 43 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw4--43 to 45 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common fine tublar pores; 2 percent gravel; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine black (N 2.5/) iron-manganese concentrations; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 30 to 50 inches)
2Bt1--45 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; few fine black (N 2.5/) iron-manganese concentrations; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Bt2--60 to 74 inches; 80% brown (7.5YR 4/4) and 20% reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay with strata of clay and silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; few fine prominent pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions; few fine black (N 2.5/) iron-manganese concentrations; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of 2Bt horizons is 6 to 30 inches)
3C--74 to 120 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) sand; single grain; loose; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Washburn County, Wisconsin; about 1.8 miles west of Spooner; 1700 feet south and 630 feet east of northwest corner of section 36, T.39 N., R.13 W.; USGS Spooner, WI quadrangle; latitude 45 degrees, 49 minutes, 27.93 seconds N. and longitude 91 degrees, 55 minutes, 35.16 seconds W.; NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sandy mantle ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the sandy mantle and 0 to 5 percent in the sandy substratum. Rock fragments typically are absent in the clayey deposits. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to neutral in the sandy upper sola. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly alkaline in the lower clayey sola, and very strongly acid to neutral in the sandy substratum. Redoxamorphic accumulations occur within 72 inches and are slightly above 40 inches in some pedons. Saturation occurs at 40 to 72 inches.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is sand or loamy sand.
Some uncultivated pedons have an E horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 or 3. It is fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand or loamy sand.
The Bw horizons have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand or loamy sand.
The 2Bt1 and 2Bt2 horizons have hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Typically it is clay, but individual subhorizons of silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam or silt loam are in some pedons. The weighted average clay content of the argillic horizon ranges from 50 to 80 percent. The clay fraction is dominantly smectite.
Some pedons have a 2Btg horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 or 2. It has texture like the 2Bt horizon above.
The 3BC horizon (where present) has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand or loamy sand.
The 3C has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is sand.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Perida soils are on lake plains. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. Perida soils formed in a mantle of sandy outwash or sandy lacustrine deposits over clayey lacustrine deposits underlain by sandy outwash or sandy lacustrine deposits on lake plains or outwash plains. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 42 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 29 inches. The frost free period is estimated to range from 110 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 960 to 1100 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dody, Grettum, Karlsborg, and Meenon soils. The poorly drained Dody soils, the somewhat poorly drained Meenon soils, and the moderately well drained Karlsborg soils form a drainage sequence in nearby areas where the sandy mantle is 20 to 40 inches thick over clayey lacustrine deposits. The moderately well drained Grettum soils have lamellae and do not have the clayey layer.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is low. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle, very slow to slow in the clayey deposits, and rapid in the sandy substratum. Perida soils have a perched seasonal water table at depths of 4 to 6 feet at some time during the months of October to May.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for woodland. Common trees are red pine, jack pine, and northern pin oak. Some areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Many areas which were used for cropland are no longer being farmed and are reverting to native vegetation.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washburn County, Wisconsin, 2003. Source of name is Perida Cemetery near Webster in Burnett County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon - 45 to 74 inches (2Bt1and 2Bt2 horizons);
arenic feature - sandy particle size throughout a layer extending from the mineral soil surface to the top of the argillic horizon at a depth of 20 inches or more.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number S94WI-013-002 for NSSL data on a Perida pedon which is within the series range.