LOCATION RAWLINGS GA+NC SC
Established Series
Rev. WGG, REE, MJB/DTA
10/2021
RAWLINGS SERIES
MLRA(s): 136 (thermic part)
Soil Survey Regional Office (SSRO) Responsible: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth Class: Moderately deep
Agricultural Drainage Class: Well drained
Permeability: Moderately rapid
Surface Runoff: Moderate
Parent Material: Residuum weathered from felsic igneous or high-grade metamorphic rocks
Shrink-Swell Potential: Low
Slope: 6 to 45 percent
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Rawlings gravelly sandy loam on a southwest facing 19 percent slope, at an elevation of 620 feet, in woodland. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A1--0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many very fine, fine, and medium, and few coarse roots; few fine flakes of mica; 10 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A2--2 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine flakes of mica; 10 percent pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 12 inches.)
Bt1--10 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; 5 percent pebbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--15 to 30 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; 2 percent pebbles; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.
Bt3--30 to 33 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; 2 percent pebbles; moderately acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 12 to 27 inches.)
R--33 inches; hard granite gneiss with widely spaced fractures.
TYPE LOCATION: Morgan County, Georgia; located within Hard Labor Creek State Park, about 5,100 feet southeast of the confluence of Hard Labor Creek and Mountain Hill Branch; USGS Quadrangle, Rutledge North, GA (1971), lat. 33 degrees 34 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 39 minutes 16 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to hard bedrock: 20 to 40 inches
Solum thickness: 20 to 39 inches
Rock fragment content: 0 to 35 percent, by volume in the A, E, and C horizons and 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in the B horizons
Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid, except where limed
Mica content: None to common in the upper horizons and few to many in the lower horizons
Range of Individual Horizons:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
Texture--(fine-earth fraction) sandy loam or loam. In severely eroded areas, it is sandy clay loam.
E horizon, where present:
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--(fine-earth fraction) loamy sand or sandy loam is less than 6 inches thick
BA or BE horizon, where present:
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture--(fine-earth fraction) sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
The horizon if it occurs, is less than 8 inches thick.
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8, but includes hue of 10YR with value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Mottles are none to common in shades of red, brown, and yellow.
Texture--(fine-earth fraction) sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
BC horizon, where present:
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, and yellow are none to common.
Texture--(fine-earth fraction) sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
The horizon where present is less than 10 inches thick.
C horizon, where present:
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, and yellow are none to common.
Texture--(fine-earth fraction) loamy saprolite and is less than 15 inches thick.
Cr horizon, where present:
Color--variable
Texture--highly weathered felsic igneous or metamorphic bedrock and is less than 6 inches thick.
R horizon:
Color--variable
Texture--hard unweathered felsic igneous or metamorphic bedrock, primarily granite or granite gneiss.
COMPETING SERIES:
Buckhead soils--are very deep and have 15 to 35 percent rock fragments throughout
Cheaha soils--formed in residuum from sandstone and have 15 to 35 percent rock fragments throughout
Fruithurst soils--have a depth to soft bedrock of 20 to 40 inches and a depth to hard bedrock of greater than 60 inches. It formed in residuum from fine-grained metamorphic rocks such as serecite schist or phyllite
Montonia soils-- have a depth to soft bedrock of 20 to 40 inches and a depth to hard bedrock of 40 to 60 inches. It formed in residuum from fine-grained metamorphic rocks such as serecite schist or phyllite
Rion soils--are very deep
Rome soils--are very deep and occur on stream terraces
State soils--are very deep and occur on stream terraces
Wickham soils--are very deep and occur on stream terraces
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont Plateau of the thermic Southern Piedmont
Landform: Interstream divides, ridges, and side slopes
Parent Material: Residuum weathered from granites and gneiss
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 57 to 62 degrees F
Mean Annual Precipitation: 38 to 48 inches
Frost Free Period: 180 to 260 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Appling soils--are clayey, very deep, and intermingled on slightly higher landscape positions
Bethlehem soils--are clayey, have a depth to soft bedrock of 20 to 40 inches, and formed in residuum from rocks such as schist
Cecil soils--are clayey, very deep, and intermingled on slightly higher landscape positions
Gwinnett soils--are clayey, have a depth to soft bedrock of 40 to 60 inches, and are rhodic
Louisburg soils--are coarse-loamy, very deep, and intermingled in some areas
Pacolet soils--are clayey, very deep, and intermingled in some areas
Rolesville soils--have a depth to hard bedrock of 20 to 40 inches
Saw soils--are clayey, have a depth to hard bedrock of 20 to 40 inches, and intermingled in some areas
Wake soils--are sandy, have hard bedrock at a depth of less than 20 inches, and are intermingled in some areas
Wedowee soils--are clayey, very deep, and intermingled in some areas
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Agricultural Drainage Class: Well drained
Surface Runoff: Medium to very rapid
Permeability: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major uses: Mixed hardwood forest of white oak, southern red oak, hickory, American beech, and loblolly pine. Common understory plants include flowering dogwood, American holly, muscadine grape, honeysuckle, greenbrier, and poison ivy. Some areas are used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Thermic region of Piedmont in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
Extent: Small
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Morgan County, Georgia; 1998
REMARKS: The Rawlings series was formerly included with the Rion series. However, Rion soils do not have bedrock within a depth of 60 inches of the soil surface.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 10 inches (A1 and A2 horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone between depths of 10 and 33 inches (Bt horizon)
Lithic contact - the occurrence of hard bedrock at a depth of 33 inches (R horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
MLRA = 136
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
GA0111 RAWLINGS 6- 45 59- 62 184-241 39- 49 500-800
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
GA0111 NONE 6.0-6.0 - 20-40 HARD
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
GA0111 0-10 SL 0- 5 80-100 5-20 3- 6
GA0111 0-10 ST-SL 5- 15 55- 85 5-20 2- 5
GA0111 10-15 COSL SL SCL 0- 5 80-100 10-30 3- 9
GA0111 15-33 SCL CL L 0- 15 60-100 18-35 3- 12
GA0111 33-43 UWB - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
GA0111 0-10 4.5- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW
GA0111 0-10 4.5- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW
GA0111 10-15 4.5- 6.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
GA0111 15-33 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 6.0 LOW
GA0111 33-43 - - - -
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.