LOCATION RAYLAKE TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Dystruderts
TYPICAL PEDON: Raylake clay loam on a 1.5 percent slope in woodland; elevation is 61 m (200 ft) (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam; weak medium granular structure; hard, friable; many medium and few coarse roots; common fine and few medium vesicular pores; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Thickness is 3 to 20 cm [1 to 8 in].)
Bw--10 to 28 cm (4 to 11 in); distinctly mottled red (2.5YR 4/8) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; common medium and few coarse roots; electrical conductivity 0.4 mmhos/cm; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness is 5 to 25 cm [2 to 10 in].)
Bss--28 to 109 cm (11 to 43 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay, common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common fine and medium roots; common slickensides 5 to 50 cm across; few gypsum crystals; electrical conductivity 2.4 mmhos/ cm; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness is 20 to 102 cm [8 to 40 in].)
Bssy--109 to 130 cm (43 to 51 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay, common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles with few fragments of light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) shale; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots mainly between peds; few large slickensides; common gypsum crystals; electrical conductivity 5.1 mmhos/cm; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness is 13 to 51 cm [5 to 20 in].)
Cdy--130 to 165 cm (51 to 65 in); layers of light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) shale with a clay texture; very hard, very firm; common gypsum crystals; electrical conductivity 5.5 mmhos/cm; moderately acid
TYPE LOCATION: Angelina County, Texas; about 15 miles southeast of Lufkin; from intersection of Farm Road 1818 and Farm Road 844, 1.6 miles south on Farm Road 844 and 100 feet west into wooded area. (Latitude: 31 degrees, 9 minutes, 7.43 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 32 minutes, 32.13 seconds W. Manning topographic quadrangle; NAD 1927). (Coordinates estimated from location directions and topographic software)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for more than 90 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 22 degrees C (67 to 72 degrees F)
Depth to densic contact: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 in)
Depth to cambic horizon: 3 to 20 cm (1 to 8 in)
Depth to gypsiferous materials: 28 to 147 cm (11 to 58 in)
Vertic features: slickensides or wedge shaped peds 25 to 61 cm (10 to 24 in)
Cracks to surface: When dry, cracks 1.2 to 2.5 cm (0.5 to 1.0 in) wide extend from the surface to depths of more than 31 cm (12 in). Cracks remain open from 60 to 90 cumulative days in most years.
Gilgai: Undisturbed areas have gilgai microrelief with microhighs about 10 to 31 cm (4 to 12 in) above the microlows. Distance from the center of the microhigh to the center of the microlow range from 1.2 to about 4.6 m (4 to 15 ft)
Mottles: Colors with chroma of 2 or less are considered litho-chromic. Colors with chroma of 3 or more are considered to be relic or litho-chromic
Thickness of solum: 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 45 to 60 percent
A or Ap Horizon
Hue: 7.5 YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: clay, clay loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
EC (dS/m): 0 to 2
Reaction: very strongly to moderately acid (4.5 to 6.0)
Bw Horizon where present
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
Colors: horizon is often variegated in shades of red and gray
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 45 to 60 percent
Pressure faces: 0 to 2 percent
Mottles: relict or litho-chromic mottles in shades of gray or red range from none to common
EC (dS/m): 0 to 2
Reaction: extremely to very strongly acid (3.6 to 5.0)
Bss Horizon
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Colors: horizon is often variegated in shades of red, yellow and gray
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 45 to 60 percent
Slickensides: 5 to 50 percent
Mottles: relict or litho-chromic mottles in shades of red, yellow or gray range from none to common
EC (dS/m): 0.1 to 3
SAR: 0 to 4
Reaction: extremely to moderately acid (3.6 to 6.0)
Bssy Horizon
Hue: 10YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: clay
Clay content: 45 to 60 percent
Slickensides: 5 to 50 percent
Mottles: relict or litho-chromic mottles in shades of red, yellow, olive or brown range from none to common
Fragments: shale fragments range from 0 to 2 percent
Gypsum: 1 to 10 percent
EC (dS/m): 1 to 6
SAR: 0 to 4
Reaction: very strongly to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
Cdy Horizon
Colors: are in shades of gray, brown or olive
Texture: shale with texture of clay or silty clay
Clay content: 45 to 60 percent
Rock fragments: shale or mudstone fragments and plates
Gypsum: 1 to 25 percent
EC (dS/m): 2 to 8
SAR: 0 to 6
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately alkaline (4.5 to 8.4)
COMPETING SERIES: There are no series in the same family. Similar soils are the
Lacerda,
Moswell,
Naclina,
Redco and
Woodtell series.
Lacerda and Redco soils: contain more than 60 percent clay in the control section.
Moswell and Woodtell soils: contain Bt horizons.
Naclina soils: are calcareous within 100 cm (40 in).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: shale, mudstone or marl residuum derived from Caddell, Manning, Wellborn and Yazoo geological formations
Landscape: coastal plain
Landform: interstream divides
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 18 to 21 degrees C (65 to 70 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1067 to 1321 mm (42 to 52 in)
Frost-free period: 230 to 245 days
Elevation: 38 to 137 m (125 to 450 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: exceeds 64
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Moswell (TX),
Herty (TX), and
Diboll (TX) series.
Herty and Moswell soils: have distinct Bt horizons and are on similar landscapes.
Diboll soils: have fine-silty control sections and a natric horizon and are on similar landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is high on 0 to 1 percent slopes and very high on slopes over 1 percent.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for woodland. Native vegetation consists of loblolly and shortleaf pine, red oak and sweetgum. A few areas are used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Texas; Land Resource Region P; MLRA 133B; the series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Angelina County, Texas, 1984, Angelina County soil survey area, Texas, 1984. The name is a coined name.
REMARKS: The series was formerly included in the Lacerda or Vaiden series. The series was separated based on differences in particle size class.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 in) (Bw, Bss horizon)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in). (A horizon)
Cambic horizon: 10 to 130 cm (4 to 51 in). (Bw, Bss, Bssy horizons)
Densic contact: The contact with Cdy at 130 cm (51 in). (Cy horizon)
Vertic features: The presence of slickensides at 28 to 130 cm (11 to 51 in). (Bss, Bssy horizons)
ADDITIONAL DATA: TAMU Data from S80TX-005-012. Particle-size analysis tests were performed at the project office on one pedon.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th Edition, 2006