LOCATION SOPHIA OK+TX KSTentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Calciustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Sophia silt loam on a 2 percent linear slope, on the shoulder slope of interfluve of upland, in native rangeland at approximately 835m (2739 ft) elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) rubbed, moist; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; extremely hard; common fine and few medium roots; common fine pores; few fine cylindrical worm casts; very slight effervescence; slightly alkaline, pH 7.5; clear smooth boundary.
A2--10 to 28 cm (4 to 11 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) broken face, moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; very hard; common fine and medium roots, and few very fine roots; few fine and medium pores; few fine cylindrical worm casts; very slight effervescence; slightly alkaline, pH 7.7; gradual smooth boundary. (18 to 28 cm thick; 7 to 11 in)
Bk1--28 to 49 cm (11 to 19 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) broken face, moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; very hard; common fine and few very fine roots; few fine and medium pores; common fine irregular calcium carbonate masses on surfaces along root channels and few fine spherical carbonate masses throughout; few medium worm casts; strong effervescence (7 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.0; abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 60 cm thick; 5 to 24 in)
Bkk1--49 to 76 cm (19 to 30 in); pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) silt loam, pink (7.5YR 7/3) broken face, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; extremely hard; few medium roots; finely disseminated calcium carbonate in matrix; many medium spherical calcium carbonate masses; violent effervescence (53 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.4; clear smooth boundary.
Bkk2--76 to 118 cm (30 to 47 in); pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) silt loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) broken face, moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard; few medium roots; few discontinuous distinct calcium carbonate coats on bottom faces of peds; few fine spherical manganese masses; finely disseminated calcium carbonate in matrix; few fine spherical calcium carbonate nodules, many fine spherical calcium carbonate masses, few medium spherical calcium carbonate nodules, and many medium spherical calcium carbonate masses; violent effervescence(35 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.4; gradual wavy boundary. (33 to 86 cm thick; 13 to 34 in)
BCkk--118 to 203 cm (47 to 80 in); pink (7.5YR 8/3) cobbly silt loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) broken face, moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard; few fine roots; few discontinuous faint calcium carbonate coats on bottom faces of peds; few fine spherical manganese masses; many medium and coarse spherical calcium carbonate nodules; 4 percent nonflat subangular indurated 20 to 75 mm and 18 percent nonflat subangular indurated 75 to 250 mm petrocalcic fragments; violent effervescence (72 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline, pH 8.4.
TYPE LOCATION: Beaver County, Oklahoma; 6 miles east (9.7 km) and 7 miles south (11.3 km) of Elmwood, OK; SW1/4 of Section 25, Township 1N, Range 24E (Cimarron meridian).
Latitude: 36 degrees 31 minutes 3.00 seconds north
Longitude: 100 degrees 25 minutes 26.60 seconds west.
Datum: NAD83 UTM zone 14N.
USGS Quad: Clear Lake SW, Oklahoma
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 220 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C (56 to 59 degrees F).
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 18 to 57 cm (7 to 23 in).
Thickness of cambic horizon: 45 to 175 cm (18 to 69 in).
Depth to secondary carbonates: 18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 in).
Depth to calcic horizon: 31 to 85 cm (12 to 34 in).
Solum thickness: more than 200 cm (80 in).
Particle-size control section: 17 to 25 percent silicate clay; 3 to 20 percent clay sized carbonate.
A or Ap horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, or clay loam
Effervescence: none to strong
Visible calcium carbonate: none
Bk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR OR 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Effervescence: strong to violent
Visible calcium carbonate: 1 to 25 percent as carbonate masses, and nodules
Upper Bkk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 to 8, 5 to 8 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam
Effervescence: violent
Visible calcium carbonate: 18 to 70 percent as finely disseminated calcium carbonate, carbonate masses, concretions, and nodules
Lower Bkk or BCkk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 to 8, 5 to 8 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: cobbly sandy loam, sandy loam, cobbly silt loam, clay loam
Effervescence: violent
Visible calcium carbonate: 5 to 50 percent as finely disseminated calcium carbonate, carbonate masses and nodules
Para-rock fragments: when present as petrolcalcic fragments.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Cuevoland(NM) series. Similar series are the Angelo(TX), Burgraff(MT), Choke(TX), and Haydraw(ND) soils.
Cuevoland soils have solum thickness of 48 to 61 cm (19 to 24 in).
Angelo(TX) soils are formed in alluvium and occur in thermic soil temperature regimes.
Burgraff(MT) soils occur in frigid soil temperature regimes.
Choke(TX) soils occur in hyperthermic soil temperature regimes.
Haydraw(ND) soils occur in frigid soil temperature regimes.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: Calcareous, silty, eolian sediments of Pleistocene age.
Landform: Nearly level to gently sloping shoulder slope positions above petrocalcic escarpments in the Southern High Plains, Northern Part (MLRA 77A).
Slope: 0 to 5 percent.
Mean annual air temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation: 381 to 584 mm (15 to 23 in).
Frost-free period: 175 to 220 days.
Elevation: 731 to 1371 m (2,400 to 4,500 ft).
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index: 25 to 36.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Conlen, Oslo, Plack, Gruver, Sherm, Balko(T) Perryton, Canina, Hugoton, Catesby(T), Slapout(T), Paloduro, Ochiltree(T), and Laverne series.
Conlen,
Oslo, and
Plack soils occur on similar landscapes.
Conlen soils are coarse-loamy, have a calcic horizon within 60 cm (24 in), and have carbonatic mineralogy.
Oslo soils are fine-silty, have an argillic horizon, and have a calcic horizon within 60 cm (24 in).
Plack soils are loamy and have a petrocalcic horizon within 50 cm (20 in).
Gruver,
Sherm, Balko,
Perryton,
Canina, and
Hugoton soils occur on slightly highly landscapes.
Gruver and Balko soils are fine, have an argillic horizon, and have a calcic horizon between 100 and 150 cm (40 and 60 in).
Sherm and Perryton soils are fine, have an argillic horizon, and have a calcic horizon below 150 cm (60 in).
Canina soils are fine-silty and have an ochric epipedon.
Hugoton soils are fine-silty, have an argillic horizon, and do not have a calcic horizon within 200 cm (80 in).
Catesby(T), Slapout(T),
Paloduro, Ochiltree(T), and
Laverne soils occur in lower landscape positions and were formed in parent material from the
Kimball Member, Ogallala
Formation.
Catesby(T) soils are coarse-loamy, have a mollic epipedon, and have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in).
Slapout(T) soils are coarse-loamy, have an ochric epipedon, and have a calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in).
Paloduro soils are fine-loamy, have a mollic epipedon, and do not have a calcic
horizon within 100 cm (40 in).
Ochiltree(T) soils are sandy skeletal, have an ochric epipedon, and have a petrocalcic horizon within 50 cm (20 in) of the soil surface.
Laverne soils are loamy-skeletal and have a petrocalcic horizon within 50 cm (20 in) of the soil surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well Drained. Moderate permeability. Surface runoff is negligible on 0 to 1 percent slopes, very low on 1 to 3 percent slopes, and low on 3 to 5 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for dryland and irrigated cropland and livestock grazing. Principal crops grown are cotton, grain sorghum, and wheat. Vegetation is predominantly mid and short grasses including blue grama, buffalograss, silver bluestem, and sideouts grama, with lesser amounts of vine-mesquite, western wheatgrass, galleta or tobosa, wild alfalfa, and prairieclover. The ecological site is Limey Upland (R077AY006TX).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains, Northern Part (MLRA-77A in LRR H) of the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles and portions of Southwestern Kansas. Distribution is bounded to the south by the South Canadian River and to the north by the Cimarron River. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas (MO-09)
SERIES PROPOSED: Beaver County, Oklahoma, 2007. The name comes from a historic community in Beaver County.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 in) (A horizons)
Effervescent to the surface.
Cambic Horizon: 28 to 49 cm (11 to 20 in) (Bk horizon)
Calcic horizon: 49 to 203 cm (20 to 80 in) (Bkk and BCkk horizons)
Particle size family: fine-silty
Particle Size Control Section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 39 in)
Additional Comments:
Series diagnostic criteria requires calcic horizon within 100 cm (40 in) of soil surface.
Parent material is calcareous loess.
Mineralogy family is mixed
Site ID: S2004OK007001
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL data available.
Lab Pedon ID: 04N1153 (Beaver County, OK)
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006.