LOCATION SULTZ WI+MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Sultz loamy sand, on a north facing, convex, 13 percent slope under mixed hardwoods at an elevation of about 253 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oa--0 to 5 centimeters; black (5YR 2.5/1) broken face and rubbed, muck (sapric material which is a mat of partially decomposed forest litter); about 30 percent fiber and less than 10 percent rubbed; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and few coarse roots; common uncoated quartz sand grains; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 5 centimeters thick)
E--5 to 15 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 20 centimeters thick)
Bs1--15 to 23 centimeters; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 20 percent weakly cemented ortstein; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bs2--23 to 46 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 15 percent weakly cemented ortstein; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bs horizon ranges from 10 to 51 centimeters.)
BC--46 to 64 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and common medium roots; about 15 percent weakly cemented ortstein; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 33 centimeters thick)
C--64 to 109 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (15 to 71 centimeters thick)
2C1--109 to 145 centimeters; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and reddish brown (5YR 4/3) stratified sand, fine sand, loamy sand, and very fine sandy loam; massive; tends to break to plates along depositional strata; very friable; few fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; neutral; gradual broken boundary. (0 to 51 centimeters thick)
2C2--145 to 152 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/3), yellowish red (5YR 4/6), and light brown (7.5YR 6/4) stratified fine sand, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, and sand; massive; tends to break to plates along depositional strata; very friable; few coarse prominent and distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation along the contact between some textural strata; few rounded reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) masses of clay from 1 to 5 centimeters in diameter; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Iron County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles north and 1 mile east of Gurney; 400 feet south and 800 feet east of the northwest corner of section 17, T. 47 N., R. 1 W.; USGS Cedar, WI quad.; lat. 46 degrees, 33', 30" N. and long. 90 degrees, 31', 30" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sandy mantle and depth to the stratified substratum ranges from 102 to 152 centimeters. Volume of rock fragments averages less than 15 percent throughout the pedon. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent and volume of cobble ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. Reaction in the upper part of the solum naturally ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid but ranges to neutral in the A and E horizons, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part of the subsoil and from strongly acid to neutral in the substratum.
The O horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, or is neutral in hue. Value is 2 to 3; and chroma is 0 to 3. The O horizon is a mat of partially decomposed forest litter.
Some pedons have an A horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 2 to 4; and chroma of 1 or 2. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 2 or 3. The A or Ap horizon is fine sand, sand, or loamy sand.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 and 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is fine sand, sand, or loamy sand.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma 4 to 6 or hue of 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4. It is typically fine sand, sand, or loamy sand, but is loamy fine sand in some pedons. Volume of ortstein ranges from 0 to 50 percent.
The BC or Bw horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 4 to 6. It is typically sand but is fine sand in some pedons. BC or Bw horizons with spodic color have pH greater than 5.9 or organic carbon content less than 0.6 percent.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is typically sand but is fine sand in some pedons.
The 2C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is stratified loamy, or loamy and sandy, layers. Individual strata are silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, very fine sand, fine sand, or sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are Duel, East Lake, Hartwick, Ishpeming, Karlin, Kiva, Missisquoi, Pence, Rousseau, Rubicon, Sayner, and Vilas series. None of these soils have stratified loamy, or loamy and sandy, strata in the lower part of the series control section. In addition, Duel and Ishpeming soils have a lithic contact at 51 to 102 centimeters. East Lake and Hartwick soils have free carbonates within 102 centimeters. Karlin soils have sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand mantle in the upper part of the series control section. Kiva soils have a 25 to 51 centimeter loamy mantle and free carbonates within 102 centimeters. Missisquoi soils have more than 15 percent coarse fragments in the lower part of the control section. Pence soils have a loamy mantle 25 to 51 centimeters thick and have more than 15 percent gravel in the lower part of the control section. Sayner soils have 15 to 35 percent gravel in at least the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sultz soils are on outwash plains, lake plains, outwash terraces, lake terraces, and, to a lesser extent, on old beach ridges. Slopes range from 0 to 65 percent. These soils formed in deep sandy outwash underlain by stratified loamy, or loamy and sandy, alluvium or lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 710 to 840 millimeters. Mean annual temperature ranges from 4 to 7 degrees C. The frost free period ranges from about 90 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 213 to 594 meters.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Au Gres, Croswell, Cublake(T), Flink(T), and Vilas soils. The somewhat poorly drained Au Gres soils, the moderately well drained Croswell soils, and the excessively drained Vilas soils form a drainage sequence on nearby landscapes where the sandy outwash is very deep. The moderately well drained Cublake soils and the somewhat poorly drained Flink soils form a drainage sequence with Sultz soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is slow to very rapid. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high in the sandy outwash and moderately high or high in the loamy strata.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland. Native vegetation is mixed coniferous and deciduous forest. Common trees are red pine, eastern white pine, jack pine, paper birch, sugar maple, red maple, basswood, quaking aspen, big-toothed aspen, northern pin oak, northern red oak, and eastern hemlock. Common understory species are American hazel, blueberry, bracken fern, bigleaf aster, partridgeberry, and club moss. A few areas are used for cropland or pastureland. Oats, bromegrass, timothy, alfalfa, and red clover are the principle crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin; MLRA's 90, 92, 93, 94A, 94B. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County, Wisconsin, 2006. Source of the name is a swamp in Bayfield County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: ochric epipedon - 5 to 15 centimeters (E); albic horizon - 5 to 15 centimeters (E); spodic horizon - 15 to 46 centimeters (Bs1, Bs2).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record- WI0126