LOCATION SAUDE IA+IL

Established Series
Rev. RLB-SRS-AAC
06/2015

SAUDE SERIES

The Saude series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in 50 to 100 centimeters of stratified loamy alluvium and the underlying loamy sand and sandy and gravelly sediments. These soils are on treads and risers on stream terraces in river valleys and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 9 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 9 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 875 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Saude loam, on a south-facing, slightly convex slope of about 1 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A--18 to 33 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 40 centimeters.)

BA--33 to 41 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, faces of a few peds very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few black (10YR 2/1) worm casts; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)

Bw1--41 to 61 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam, faces of peds dark brown (10YR 3/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4); weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and few medium pores; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2--61 to 71 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium pores; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 20 to 40 centimeters.)

2BC--71 to 91 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; single grain; loose; concentration of few rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter) in upper part; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 40 centimeters thick)

2C1--91 to 127 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 25 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (25 to 50 centimeters thick)

2C2--127 to 152 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 20 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Howard County, Iowa subset; about 3 1/2 miles north and 2 miles west of Elma; located about 47 feet east and 67 feet north of the southwest corner of section 14, T. 98 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Saratoga topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 17 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 28 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to sandy and gravelly materials--50 to 100 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--8 to 15 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--60 to 80 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam or sandy loam
Clay content--15 to 24 percent
Sand content--30 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

AB or BA horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--1 to 4
Texture--loam or sandy loam
Clay content--15 to 24 percent
Sand content--30 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--loam or sandy loam
Clay content--12 to 18 percent
Sand content--40 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid or moderately acid
Some pedons have faint clay films on faces of peds

2BC (when present) and 2C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--4 or 6
Texture--gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, or sand
Clay content--0 to 15 percent
Sand content--70 to 98 percent, dominantly medium and coarse sand
Rock fragment content--5 to 50 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of stratified loamy alluvium and the underlying loamy sand and sandy and gravelly sediments
Landform--treads and risers on stream terraces in river valleys and on outwash plains
Slope--0 to 9 percent
Elevation--130 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 1,015 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 215 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Lawler, Marshan, and Waukee soils.
Lawler--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 to 0.9 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Marshan--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated between the surface of the soil and a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Waukee--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Saude soils and have a clay content that averages 15 to 24 percent in the upper third of the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1 to 100 micrometers per second in the loamy material and 100 to 705 micrometers per second in the underlying deposits
Flooding--rarely or very rarely flooded for brief or very brief duration on stream terraces

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, legume hay, small grains, and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Wisconsin driftless section, Dissected till plains, and Till plains
MLRAs--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105), Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108C), and Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes, Northern Part (115C)
LRR M; northeastern and north-central Iowa and northwestern Illinois
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Howard County, Iowa, 1969

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, BA, Bw1, Bw2, 2BC, and 2C1 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A, BA, Bw1, Bw2, 2BC, 2C1 and 2C2 horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 41 centimeters (Ap, A, and BA horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 41 to 71 centimeters (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.

Cation-exchange class is supported by laboratory data, pedon number 73IA089002, NSSL.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, twelfth edition, 2014

This soil was formerly part of the Waukegan series. In Iowa, it was referred to as a moderately deep phase of Waukegan loam.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska; user pedonid number 73IA089002 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/)

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.