LOCATION SIMONIN IN
Established Series
Rev. LCO-WDH
11/2021
SIMONIN SERIES
The Simonin series consists of deep, moderately well drained soils on lake plains. They formed in 20 to 36 inches of sandy outwash deposits and the underlying lacustrine sediments. They are rapidly and moderately rapidly permeable in the upper part of the solum and slowly permeable in the lower part of the solum and the underlying clayey sediments. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 51 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is about 37 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Simonin loamy sand - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak medium subangular block structure; very friable; common fine roots; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 16 inches.)
BA--14 to 26 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sand; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 14 inches thick).
Btl--26 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/3) and many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; thin continuous dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick).
2Bt2--34 to 40 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; thin continuous gray (N 6/0) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick).
2Cg--40 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; massive; very firm; common gray (10YR 6/1) carbonate coatings on cleavage planes; strong effervescence, moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Jasper County, Indiana; about 2 miles south of Rensselaer; 500 feet north and 120 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 28 N., R. 7 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum and depth to free carbonates ranges from 24 to 40 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The BA horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand or loamy sand and is slightly acid or neutral. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam and is medium acid or slightly acid. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silty clay or clay and is slightly acid or neutral.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay or silty clay. It is mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline and contains free carbonates.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Related series in other families are the
Coyne,
Elston,
Hesch,
Nottawa,
Onarga, and Rassett series. Coyne, Elston, and Nottawa soils have sola more than 40 inches thick and are underlain with sandy or gravelly sediments. Hesch soils formed in 20 to 40 inches of loamy material over sandstone bedrock. Onarga soils contain less clay in the lower part of the solum and are underlain with sandy and loamy sediments. Rassett soils contain less clay and are stratified in the subsoil and do not have mottles above a depth of 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Simonin soils are on rises on nearly level lake plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in 20 to 36 inches of sandy outwash and the underlying clayey sediments. In many areas the sandy sediments have been reworked by wind. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 35 to 39 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Iroquois,
Montgomery,
Nesius,
Papineau, and
Strole soils. Iroquois and Montgomery soils are on lower lying topographic positions and have a predominantly gray subsoil. Nesius soils are on similar topographic positions, and have sandy textures to depths greater than 60 inches. Papineau and Strole soils are on lower lying landscape positions and have 2 chroma mottles within a depth of 6 inches below the base of the mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid in the sandy upper part of the solum, moderately rapid in the loamy part of the solum, and slow in the lower part of the solum and underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped to corn, soybeans, and small grain. The native vegetation was prairie grass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Indiana. These soils are not extensive; total acreage is less than 10,000 acres.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jasper County, Indiana, 1985.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from 0 to 14 inches (Ap and A); argillic horizon - the zone from 26 to 40 inches (Bt1, 2Bt).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data is available from the Purdue Lab. S79IN73-15-(1-7). Base saturation by ammonium acetate is 77 percent in the horizons from 0 to 14 inches (Partial data from NSSL)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.