LOCATION SPRINGDALE              WA

Established Series
Rev. TLA-BDG-RJS
05/2017

SPRINGDALE SERIES

The Springdale series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits mixed with minor amounts of loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. Springdale soils are on terrace treads and risers. Slopes are 0 to 70 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 475 mm, and the mean annual air temperature is 8.3 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, isotic, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Springdale gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, woodland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oi--0 to 3 cm; very dark brown and grayish brown, partially decomposed organic litter composed of pine needles, leaves, twigs, and cones; strongly acid (pH 5.1); abrupt smooth boundary.

A--3 to 8 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine, fine and medium irregular pores; 20 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 10 cm thick)

AB--8 to 18 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

Bw--18 to 33 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly ashy coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 25 cm thick)

C1--33 to 64 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly loamy coarse sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; many fine and medium interstitial pores; 30 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear wavy boundary. (20 to 32 cm thick)

C2--64 to 155 cm; variegated very cobbly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; many fine and medium interstitial pores; 30 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington; About 0.8 kilometers west of junction of U.S. Highway 2 and Colbert Road; about 610 meters south and 1,065 meters west of the northeast corner of section 22, Township 27N, Range43E; USGS Mead, WA. topographic quadrangle; (Latitude 47 degrees, 49 minutes, 31 seconds N. and Longitude 117 degrees, 21 minutes, 41 seconds W.) NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
The mean annual soil temperature -- 8.3 to 11.1 degrees C.
Moisture control section -- usually moist but is dry in all parts between depths of 30 to 89 cm for 75 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice.
Depth to sandy-skeletal horizons -- 25 to 48 cm

Volcanic ash influenced layers
Thickness -- 18 to 35 cm
Estimated moist bulk density -- 1.20 to 1.40 g/cc
Estimated volcanic glass content -- 5 to 20 percent
Estimated Acid-oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 of the acid-oxalate extractable Fe -- 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Estimated 15-bar water retention -- 5 to 10 percent for air dried samples

Control section
Rock fragments -- averages 35 to 60 percent
Reaction -- neutral to moderately acid
Estimated base saturation (ammonium acetate) - more than 60 percent in all horizons at a depth between 25 and 75 cm


A, AB horizons
Value: 4 to 6 dry; 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture (less than 2mm fraction): ashy coarse sandy loam or ashy sandy loam
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent--15 to 25 percent gravel; 0 to 10 percent cobbles

Bw horizon
Value: 5 to 7 dry; 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture (less than 2mm fraction): ashy coarse sandy loam or ashy sandy loam
Rock fragments: 20 to 50 percent--20 to 40 percent gravel; 0 to 10 percent cobbles

C1 horizon
Hue: variegated 10YR or 2.5Y dry or moist
Value: 5 to 7 dry; 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture (less than 2mm fraction): loamy sand, sand, loamy coarse sand or coarse sand
Rock fragments: 30 to 60 percent--20 to 50 percent gravel; 0 to 15 percent cobbles

C2 horizon
Hue: variegated 10YR or 2.5Y dry or moist
Value: 6 to 8 dry; 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture (less than 2mm fraction): loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, or coarse sand
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent--25 to 50 percent gravel; 5 to 30 percent cobbles and stones

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Springdale soils are on terrace treads and risers. Elevation is 425 to 1,225 meters. Slopes are 0 to 70 percent. Springdale soils formed in sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits mixed with minor amounts of loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. The climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 375 to 600 mm. The mean annual temperature is about 8.3 degrees C. The frost-free period is 100 to 140 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bisbee, Cedonia, Clayton, Dart, Donavan, Garrison, Hagen, Hudnut, Hunters, Marble, Phoebe, Raisio, Spens, Stevens, Wapal, Winthrop, and the competing Spens soils. Bisbee, Dart, Hagen, and Marble soils are sandy and are on terraces. Cedonia and Hunters soils are fine-silty and are on terraces. Clayton, Donavan, Hudnut, Phoebe, and Stevens soils are coarse-loamy. In addition, Donavan, Phoebe, and Stevens soils have a mollic epipedon. Clayton soils are on lake terraces and Stevens soils are on side slopes of hills and mountains, and Hudnut and Phoebe soils are on outwash terraces. Garrison and Raisio soils are loamy-skeletal and have a mollic epipedon. Garrison soils are on outwash terraces and Raisio soils are on side slopes of mountains. Spens soils do not have a cambic horizon and are on terrace escarpments. Wapal soils do not have a cambic horizon, are frigid, and are on terrace escarpments. Winthrop soils have a mollic epipedon and are on fans and terraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for urban development, homesites, timber production, livestock grazing, recreation and wildlife habitat. The potential natural vegetation is ponderosa pine with an understory of common snowberry, white spirea, Saskatoon serviceberry, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, arrowleaf balsamroot, creeping barberry, silky lupine, and pinegrass. At higher elevations some Douglas-fir is in the overstory.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Springdale series is of moderate extent in Northeastern Washington; MLRAs 6, 43A, 44A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stevens County, Washington; 1913.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon -- 0 to 18 cm (Oi, A, AB horizons)
Cambic horizon -- 8 to 33 cm (AB, Bw horizons)
Vitrandic feature -- 3 to 33 cm (A, AB, Bw horizons)
Particle-size control section -- 28 to 103 cm (part of the Bw, C1, part of the C2 horizons)

This soil occurs in four soil survey areas; Spokane, North Ferry, Okanogan, and Stevens County. The classification of the Springdale pedons in the Spokane, Stevens, and Okanogan reports should probably be Vitrandic Haploxerepts; in the North Ferry report the classification should be Vitrandic Haploxerolls and a new series was established called Leiko.

Springdale soils should be further investigated to determine typical mineralogy (isotic vs. mixed).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data is available for this series. Sample number S57WA063-8, pedon number 40A1036, NSSL, Lincoln, NE 8/87.

Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.