LOCATION TEXANA TX
Established Series
Rev. JKW-KBH-AKS
07/2019
TEXANA SERIES
The Texana series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed in loamy fluviomarine deposits of late Pleistocene age. These soils are on relic meander belts on flat coastal plains. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 22 degrees C (71 degrees F) and mean annual precipitation is about 1041 mm (41 in).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Alfic Vertic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Texana fine sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and common medium roots; common fine interstitial pores; slightly acid; many fine faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of oxidized iron; clear smooth boundary. (25 to 36 cm [10 to 14 in] thick)
E--25 to 36 cm (10 to 14 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and common medium roots; common fine pores; few medium and coarse dark nodules in lower 2 cm of this horizon; slightly acid, abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 15 cm [3 to 6 in] thick)
Bt1--36 to 43 cm (14 to 17 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay;weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; many faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt grains coating faces of most prisms and peds; common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films; many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common fine medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron and are mainly along root channels and interiors of peds;; few fine dark rounded nodules and soft masses; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--43 to 84 cm (17 to 33 in); variegated yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few pressure faces; few prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; common prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coatings on faces of most prisms and peds; few fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; few fine and medium dark rounded nodules and soft masses; slightly sodic; moderately alkaline, gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of upper Bt horizons 48 to 60 cm [19 to 24 in] thick)
Bt3--84 to 112 cm (33 to 44 in); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of oxidized iron; many prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt grains coating faces of most prisms and peds; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films along root channels and on faces of peds; few pressure faces; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) centers; few fine and medium dark rounded nodules and soft masses; moderately sodic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--112 to 142 cm (44 to 56 in); interiors of peds are yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam grading to yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) borders; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong coarse angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; common prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt grains coating faces of most prisms and peds; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of some peds; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron on exteriors of peds; few fine dark rounded nodules and soft masses; few fine mica flakes; moderately sodic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of lower Bt horizons 75 to 91 cm [30 to 36 in] thick)
Btk--142 to 175 cm (56 to 69 in); interiors of peds are strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam grading to yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) borders; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films; many coarse dark coatings and patches on faces of peds, few fine dark masses; few coarse rounded concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine irregular soft white segregated masses of barite; common fine mica flakes; moderately sodic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2BCt--175 to 203 cm (69 to 80 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films; common fine mica flakes; common coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; moderately sodic; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (18 to 38 cm [7 to 15 in] thick)
2C--203 to 229 cm (80 to 90 in); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy fine sand; few medium and coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; slightly hard, very friable; few coarse rounded brownish and reddish masses of sandy clay loam; common fine mica flakes: slightly sodic; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Jackson County, Texas; from the intersection of Farm Road 616 and Farm Road 1593 in Lolita, 2.35 miles south on Farm Road 1593 to a private ranch road, 1.7 miles east on private ranch road, and 200 ft south in rangeland.
USGS topographic quadrangle: Lolita, Texas;
Latitude: 28 degrees 48 minutes 36.84 seconds N;
Longitude: 96 degrees 31 min 40.12 seconds W;
Datum: WGS 84
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to secondary carbonates: 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 in) in most pedons.
Dark nodules and masses range from none or few throughout.
Some pedons contain white, noncarbonatic masses in the lower Btk and 2BCt horizons.
Most pedons contain visible mica at depths of 102 to over 203 cm (40 to over 80 in).
A horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand
Clay content: 4 to 14 percent
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 3 percent, kind-silica concretions or chert
Iron accumulation: amount-none to many, shades-brown or yellow
Electrical conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 0.2 ds/m
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
E horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand
Clay content: 2 to 9 percent
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 3 percent, kind-silica concretions or chert
Iron accumulation: amount-none to many, shades-brown or yellow
Electrical conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 0.1
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon (upper part)
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 2 or less
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 3 percent, kind-silica concretions or chert
Clay content: 35 to 56 percent
Iron accumulation: amount-common or many, shades-red, yellow, or brown
Electrical conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 2
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 2 to 11
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizon (lower part)
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay, clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 25 to 36 percent
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 3 percent, kind-silica concretions or chert
Iron accumulation: amount-common to many
Iron depletions: amount-none to common; shades-gray
Secondary carbonates: amount-few or common; kind-concretions or masses
Electrical conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 2
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 6 to 20
Reaction: strongly acid to moderately alkaline
2BCt horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, sandy clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 6 to 45 percent
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 3 percent, kind-silica concretions or chert
Iron accumulation: amount-0 to 19 percent, shades-brown or red
Electrical conductivity (dS/m): 2 to 4
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 6 to 20
Reaction: strongly acid to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series in the same family. Similar soils are the
Bernard,
Dacosta,
Faddin,
Labelle,
Olga,
Rolette, and
Spindletop series.
Bernard,
Faddin and
Labelle soils: do not have vertic properties. In addition, Bernard soils have an A horizon less than 25 cm (10 in) thick.
Dacosta soils: do not have an abrupt texture change between the surface and argillic horizons.
Faddin soils: do not have a continuous albic horizon.
Olga and
Rolette soils: are in a frigid temperature regime. In addition, Olga soils formed in clayey colluvium from shale bedrock.
Rolette soils: formed in glaciolacustrine or deltaic deposits.
Spindletop soils: do not have vertic properties and are saturated for long periods.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: loamy fluviomarine deposits of late Pleistocene age
Landscape: relic meander belts on flat coastal plains
Landform: ridges
Slope: 0 to 3 percent (but mainly less than 1 percent)
Mean annual air temperature: 20.6 to 22.2 degrees C (69 to 72 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 914 to 1168 mm (36 to 46 in)
Frost-free period: 280 to 300 days
Elevation: 5 to 49 m (16 to 160 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 48 to 66
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the similar
Dacosta and
Faddin soils, and the
Cieno,
Edna,
Fordtran,
Laewest, and
Telferner soils.
Cieno soils: are poorly drained and are in depressions.
Dacosta and
Laewest soils: are on slightly lower positions.
Edna,
Fordtran, and
Telferner soils: do not have a mollic epipedon and are on a similar position.
Faddin soils: are on a similar position.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Moderately well
Permeability class: very slow
Runoff: high on 0 to less than 1 percent slopes and very high on 1 to 3 percent slopes.
Seasonal water table: water perches on top of the argillic horizon for 1 to 2 weeks after periods of heavy rainfall. During wet years planting may be delayed for short periods.
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major uses: cropland and rangeland. The main crops are rice, grain sorghum, and corn.
Native vegetation: little bluestem, indiangrass, brownseed paspalum, and balsamscale.
Ecological sites assigned to phases and components of this series are listed below. Current ecological site assignments are in Web Soil Survey. Components of this series include the following ecological sites: Loamy Prairie
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
General area: Upper Gulf Coast of Texas
Land Resource Region: T. (Atlantic and Gulf Coast Lowland Forest and Crop Region)
Major Land Resource Area: Coast Prairie of Texas. MLRA- 150A (Gulf Coast Prairies)
Extent: extensive.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jackson County, Texas; 1986. The name is from an early community in Jackson County.
REMARKS: These soils have formerly been included in the Telferner, Edna, and Katy series. The classification was changed in 2016. Soil moisture studies on soils with similar characteristics and field observations show that saturation and reduction do not occur in years of normal rainfall.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in) (A horizon)
Albic horizon: 25 to 36 cm (10 to 14 in) (E horizon)
Abrupt textural change: from E horizon to Bt horizon.
Argillic horizon: 36 to 175 cm (14 to 69 in) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Btk, and 2BCt horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: 175 to 229 cm (69 to 90 in) (2BCt horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data from TAMU Soil Characterization Lab on pedon S84TX-239-1.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.