LOCATION EDNA TX

Established Series
Rev. WLM-JKW-RM
08/2016

EDNA SERIES

The Edna series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loamy fluviomarine deposits derived from the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on ancient meander ridges. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent but most less than 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1143 mm (45 in) and the mean annual air temperature is about 20.6 degrees C (69 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Aquertic Chromic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Edna loam, on a southeast-facing, plane to slightly concave, 0.5 percent slope in pastureland at an elevation of 29.9 m (98 ft). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 in); dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; massive; extremely hard, friable; many fine roots; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm [4 to 10 in] thick)

Bt1--23 to 48 cm (9 to 19 in); gray (10YR 5/1) clay, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky; common fine roots; few faint slickensides and pressure faces; vertical cracks 1 cm (0.4 in) wide and 46 to 61 cm (18 to 24 in apart); few thin clay films on surfaces of peds; many fine faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions, and many prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; few fine dark brown and black iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 38 cm [5 to 15 in] thick)

Bt2--48 to 97 cm (19 to 38 in); gray (5Y 6/1) clay, light gray (5Y 7/1) dry; moderate medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky; common fine roots along surfaces of peds; few thin clay films on surfaces of peds; vertical cracks from horizon above extend through horizon; few pressure faces; common medium faint light olive gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common fine distinct olive (5Y 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; few fine dark brown and black iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 76 cm [10 to 30 in] thick)

Bt3--97 to 127 cm (38 to 50 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; weak medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, firm, sticky; few fine roots along surfaces of peds; few thin clay films on surfaces of peds; common medium and coarse light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of oxidized iron; few fine dark brown and black iron-manganese concretions; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in] thick)

Btk--127 to 203 cm (50 to 80 in); light olive gray (5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, light gray (5Y 7/2), dry; weak medium and coarse blocky structure; very hard, firm, sticky; few roots; few thin clay films on surfaces peds; few fine faint olive (5Y 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; few fine iron-manganese concretions; few fine pitted concretions of calcium carbonate; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Wharton County, Texas; from the intersection of Business U.S. Highway 59 and State Highway 60 in Hungerford; 2.1 miles northeast on Business US Highway 59 to paved county road; 0.9 mile east on paved county road; 0.6 mile south on shell road; 0.3 mile southwest on private road and 120 ft north of gate. Hungerford USGS quad; Latitude is 29 degrees 24 minutes 09.4 seconds N; 96 degrees 02 minutes 24.1 seconds W; NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
The soil cracks when dry but cracks rarely extend upward through the A horizon.
Some pedons have an overwash of calcareous clay or silty clay 20 to 51 cm (8 to 20 in) thick.

Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime.
The soil moisture control section is moist in some or all parts for more than 275 days in normal years.
Moist soil conditions occur mostly during the winter through spring months and again from late summer through fall. The months of July and August are the driest.
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
COLE ranges from 0.09 to 0.11.

A Horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: fine sandy loam or loam
Redox concentrations: amount-0 to 2 percent, shades-brown or yellow
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

E Horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: fine sandy loam or loam
Redox concentrations: amount-0 to 2 percent, shades-brown or yellow
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt Horizon:
(Upper part)
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam or clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15 percent, size-fine or medium, shades-olive, yellow, brown, or red
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt Horizon:
(Lower part)
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam or clay
Clay content: 29 to 54 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15 percent, size-fine or medium, shades-olive, yellow, brown, or red
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

Btk Horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam or clay
Clay content: 28 to 54 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15 percent, size-fine or medium, shades-olive, yellow, brown, or red
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-1 to 8 percent, nodules, concretions or masses
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Inez (TX) and Telferner (TX)) series. Similar soils are the Edco (TX), Katy (TX), Mentz (TX), Telf (TX), Texana (TX, and Yeaton (TX) series.
Inez and Telferner soils: have an ochric epipedon from 25 to 50 cm (10 to 20 in) thick.
Edco and Telf soils: have mixed mineralogy; are derived from sediments of the Lissie Formation.
Texana soils: have a mollic epipedon.
Katy and Yeaton soils: have chroma of 4 or more in the argillic horizon. In addition, Katy soils are in a fine-loamy family and Yeaton soils are in the thermic temperature regime.
Mentz soils: are in the thermic temperature regime; developed in materials weathered from the Goliad Formation.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy fluviomarine deposits derived from the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age
Landscape: coastal plain
Landform: flat
Slope: mainly less than 1 percent, but some along narrow drainageways are as much as 5 percent.
Mean annual soil temperature: 21.5 to 22 cm (70 to 72 degrees F).
Mean annual air temperature range: 20 to 22 degrees C (68 to 72 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1092 to 1372 mm (43 to 54 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfall is fairly uniform throughout the year.
Frost-free period: 270 to 300 days
Elevation: 3 to 30.5 m (10 to 100 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 44 to 66

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bernard (TX), Dacosta (TX), Inez, Laewest, Telferner, and Lake Charles series.
Bernard and Dacosta soils: have a mollic epipedon; on a similar landform
Inez and Telferner soils: have more than 25 cm (10 in) of epipedon; are on a slightly position on a similar landform.
Lake Charles and Laewest soils: clayey throughout on a similar landform

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is high. Water perches on top of the argillic horizon for periods of 2 to 4 weeks following extended heavy rain.

USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for growing rice and for native range for beef cattle. Some is used for growing cotton and grain sorghum. Native grasses are mainly prairie grasses of species of Andropogon, Paspalum, Panicum, and Sporobolus. Oak, elm, and Hackberry trees have encroached in some areas. (Ecological site name: Tight Sandy Loam 25-35" PZ; Ecological site number: R150AY646TX)

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coastal Prairie of Texas; LRR, MLRA 150A. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Victoria County, Texas; 1910.

REMARKS: The classification was changed from Vertic Albaqualfs to Vertic Hapludalfs based on the soil moisture study "ISCOM VIII, Classification and Management of Wet Soils, 1990." This soil does not have an aquic moisture regime. Classification change from Vertic Hapludalfs to Aquertic Chromic Hapludalfs based on a study of associated soils where significant iron reduction and depletion has been measured in the A and, to a lesser extent, the upper part of the Bt horizon. Aquic conditions occur for periods long enough in most years to cause iron reduction and mobility, as well as iron oxidation. In addition, the majority of pedons have value moist of 4 or more and value dry of 6 or more, supporting the Chromic subgroup.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 in) (Ap horizon)

Argillic horizon: 23 to 165 cm (9 to 65 in) (Bt and Btk horizons)

Aquertic feature: Cracks and/or wedge-shaped aggregates within the upper part of the argillic horizon. Intermittent aquic conditions are expressed by value of 5 and chroma of 1 or 2 in the matrix of the upper part of the argillic horizon, in association with masses of oxidized iron in this zone.

ADDITIONAL DATA: S55TX-79-92, published in SSIR-30.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.