LOCATION TELFERNER TX

Established Series
WLM-KBH-AKS
07/2019

TELFERNER SERIES

The Telferner series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, soils that formed in loamy fluviomarine deposits of the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on ancient meander ridges. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent but are usually less than 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 940 mm (37 in) and the mean annual air temperature is about 21 degrees C (70 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Telferner very fine sandy loam, on a southeast-facing, convex, in rangeland at an elevation of about 7 m (23 ft) (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common fine and medium pores; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries lining pores; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 51 cm [6 to 20 in] thick)

E--28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/2) dry; massive; soft, friable; common fine roots; common fine and medium pores; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 23 cm [0 to 9 in] thick)

Bt1--38 to 61 cm (15 to 24 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium and coarse blocky structure; cracks 5 mm to 10 mm wide extend from the top of the horizon and extend into the Bt2 and Bt3 horizons; very hard, very firm, very sticky; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint slickensides and pressure faces; common prominent clay films on surfaces of peds; common coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) and few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2--61 to 94 cm (24 to 37 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate coarse blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint slickensides and pressure faces; common prominent clay films on surfaces of peds; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3--94 to 132 cm (37 to 52 in); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy clay, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) dry; weak coarse blocky structure; very hard, firm, slightly sticky; few fine pores; few faint clay films on surfaces of peds; common fine faint light brown (7.5YR 6/4) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; common fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2)iron depletions with sharp boundaries in matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (combined thickness of Bt horizons range from 76 to 165 cm [30 to 65 in])

Bt4--132 to 203 cm (52 to 80 in); light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, slightly firm, slightly sticky; few faint clay films; few medium faint brown (10YR 5/3), and few distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; few fine black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese nodules; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Calhoun County, Texas; about 11 miles northeast of Port Lavaca; from the intersection of U. S. Highway 87 and State Highway 35; 11.75 miles east-northeast on State Highway 35; 66 ft north of right-of-way, to a point which is 700 ft west of the Calhoun-Jackson county line.

USGS Topographic Quadrangle: Olivia, LA
Latitude is about 28 degrees 42 minutes 22.5 seconds
Longitude is about 96 degrees 29 minutes 38 seconds
Datum: WGS84

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 in). Some pedons have secondary carbonates below the depth of 91 cm (36 in). Iron-manganese concretions range from none to a few throughout. Siliceous pebbles range from none to few.

Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is moist in some or all parts for more than 275 days in normal years.

Mean annual soil temperature: 22 to 23.5 cm (72 to 74 degrees F).
Depth to argillic horizon: 23 to 51 cm (9 to 20 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent

A Horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 7 to 18 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-0 to 2 percent, shades-brown
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

E Horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 7 to 18 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-0 to 2 percent, shades-brown
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

Bt Horizon:
(upper part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15, shades-brown, yellow, or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

Bt Horizon:
(lower part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15, shades-brown, yellow, or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

Bt Horizon:
(lower part
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 20 to 40 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15, shades-brown, yellow, or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

Btk Horizon(Bk where present:)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 20 to 40 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15, shades-brown, yellow, or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-2 to 8 percent, kind- concretions or masses
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C Horizon
(typically, below 178 cm [70 in] from the surface)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 20 to 40 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-2 to 15, shades-brown, yellow, or red
Iron-manganese concentrations: amount-0 to 2, kind-concretions
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-2 to 8 percent, kind- concretions or masses
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 1 percent, kind-siliceous, size-2 to 10 mm
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES:
These are the Levac (TX) and Yeaton (TX) series in the same family. Similar soils are the Edco (TX), Edna (TX), Inez (TX), Telf (TX), Texana (TX), Faddin (TX), Katy (TX), Mentz (TX), Nez (TX), and Yeaton (TX) series.
Levac series: silt loam surface horizon; are truncated pimple mounds
Yeaton soils: chroma of 4 or more in the argillic horizon; thermic temperature regimeEdco soils: mixed mineralogy; ochric epipedon less than 25 cm (10 in) thick.
Edna soils: an ochric epipedon less than 25 cm (10 in) thick.
Inez soils: very strongly acid to moderately acid; base saturation of less than 75 percent in the Bt1 horizon.
Katy soils: fine-loamy particle-size family
Mentz soils: are in the thermic temperature regime; developed in materials weathered from the Goliad Formation.
Nez and Telf soils: mixed mineralogy; derived from sediments of the Lissie Formation.
Texana and Faddin soils: a mollic epipedon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy fluviomarine deposits of the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age
Landscape: flat coastal plain
Landform: ancient meander ridges
Slope: less than 1 percent but range up to 5 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 20.6 to 21.7degrees C (69 to 71 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 762 to 1067 mm (30 to 42 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Precipitation is uniform throughout the year with slight peaks from May to June and from September to October.
Frost-free period: 275 to 300 days
Elevation: 4.6 to 46 m (15 to 150 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 40 to 52

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the, Dacosta (TX), Edna (TX), Fordtran (TX), Inez (TX), Laewest (TX), and Nada (TX) soils.
Dacosta soils: have a mollic epipedon; are on flats
Edna soils: have a thinner surface layer; are on flats
Fordtran soils: sandy surface layers 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in) thick
Inez soils: are on similar positions but forming under trees
Laewest: are clayey throughout; are on flats
Nada soils: are in a fine-loamy particle-size family; are on flats

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: Moderately well drained
Permeability: very slow
Runoff: low on 0 to 1 percent slopes, medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes and high on 3 to 5 percent slopes Water perches on top of the argillic horizon for 1 to 2 weeks after heavy rains. During wet years, planting may be delayed for short periods.

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major uses: Some of these soils are cultivated in the production of grain sorghums and rice; most areas are used for pasture and range. Native grasses are mainly species of andropogon and paspalum genera. Ecological sites assigned to phases and components of this series are listed below. Current ecological site assignments are in Web Soil Survey. Components of this series include the following ecological sites: Loamy Prairie

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
General location: Mainly along the middle Texas gulf coast
Land Resource Region: T (Atlantic and Gulf Coast Lowland Forest and Crop Region)
Major Land Resource Area: 150A (Gulf Coast Prairies)
Extent: moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Calhoun County, Texas; 1972.

REMARKS: The classification was changed from Typic Albaqualfs to Albaquic Hapludalfs based on the soil moisture "ISCOM VIII, Classification and Management of Wet Soils, 1990." During the correlation of Colorado County, Texas, the classification was changed from Albaquic Hapludalfs to Aquertic Chromic Hapludalfs. This classification was based on a 1996 field study of wet clay pan soils of the Gulf Coast Prairie and Claypan Prairie. This study concluded that significant iron reduction and depletion occurs in the A and E horizons and, to a lesser extent, within the upper 25 cm (10 in) of the argillic horizon. However, the long term monitoring of these soils does not support aquic conditions in normal years.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 in) (A and E horizons)

Albic horizon: 28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 in) (E horizon)

Vertic feature: Cracks and slickensides within the upper part of the argillic horizon.

Argillic horizon: 38 to 203 cm (15 to 80 in) (Bt horizons)

ADDITIONAL DATA:

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.