LOCATION TOGIAK                  AK

Established Series
SAS/TJR/MPR
12/2022

TOGIAK SERIES

Landscape--shore complexes
Landform--beach berms
Slope--0 to 20 percent
Parent material-beach sand and gravel
Mean annual precipitation--about 760 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 1 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--somewhat excessively drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed Typic Cryofluvents

TYPICAL PEDON: Togiak very gravelly coarse sand on a southeast-facing, convex berm, on a slope of 3 percent at an elevation of 4 m (When described on July 25, 2013, the soil was dry to a depth of 35 cm and moist throughout the rest of the profile.)

Oi--0 to 4 cm; slightly decomposed plant material; many medium and common very fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0)

C1--4 to 47 cm; very gravelly coarse sand, gray (10YR 6/1) dry, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine to medium roots; 50 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary

C2--47 to 150 cm; very gravelly coarse sand, gray (10YR 6/1) dry, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; 50 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Dillingham Census Area, Alaska, about 0.5 km southwest of the village of Togiak; latitude 59.0547927 degrees north, longitude 160.3855428 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--1 to 4 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October (udic moisture regime)

Particle-size control section
*Clay content--0 to 3 percent
*Sand content--85 to 100 percent
*Total rock fragment content--35 to 75 percent

Oi horizon
Thickness 2 to 10 cm

C1 horizon
Value--2 or 3 moist, 6 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--coarse sand, sand
Clay content--0 to 3 percent
Reaction--6.5 to 7.5
Gravel content--0 to 60 percent
Thickness--20 to 50 cm

C2 horizon
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4 moist, 6 dry
Chroma--2 or 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--coarse sand, loamy sand
Clay content--0 to 3 percent
Reaction--7.0 to 8.0
Total rock fragment content--35 to 75 percent
Gravel content--35 to 75 percent
Cobble content--0 to 10 percent
Thickness--more than 90 cm
Organic carbon content--0.2 to 1.0 percent

COMPETING SERIES:
Chenega--extremely acid to moderately acid
Stratify--stratified silt loam and fine sandy loam
Hollow--saturated to within a depth of 50 cm more than 2 weeks during the growing season
Kidazqeni--stratified silt loam textures in the upper part
Malmesbury--irregular decrease in organic carbon content as depth increases

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--0 to 5 m
Climate--warm, moist summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--700 to 800 mm
Mean annual air temperature--0.9 to 1.7 degrees C
Frost-free period--85 to 140 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Anchor--histic epipedon; aquic conditions throughout; tidal flats
Ekiligamut--thick organic upper layer; aquic conditions throughout; depressions in tidal marshes

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat excessively drained
Flooding--rare
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--very high throughout the profile

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, subsistence, community development
Potential natural vegetation--common yarrow, bluejoint, fireweed, Pacific hemlockparsley, beach pea, American dunegrass

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Ahklun Mountains, Alaska; MLRA 237; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham Census Area, Alaska; 2019

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 29 to 104 cm
*Ochric epipedon
*Coarse fragment content in particle-size control section--35 percent or more (weighted average)

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.