LOCATION TOMALL MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tomall loam on a 1 percent concave footslope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine medium subangular blocky parting to weak fine granular; friable; common fine roots; few uncoated sand grains; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--10 to 22 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few uncoated sand grains; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
A2--22 to 29 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few uncoated sand grains; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 24 to 48 inches)
AB--29 to 33 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few uncoated sand grains; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bw--33 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)
2Bw--42 to 47 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; common dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic stains on faces of peds; about 12 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
2C--47 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Fe depletions; about 20 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Kandiyohi County, Minnesota; about 6 miles east of Spicer; about 470 feet east and 1150 feet north of the southwest corner, sec. 27, T. 121 N., R. 33 W. USGS Hawick quadrangle, latitude 45 degrees 15 minutes 54 seconds N, longitude 94 degrees 48 minutes 22 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon ranges from 24 to 60 inches in thickness and has fine strata. Depth to free carbonates is 45 to 80 inches. The depth to coarse textured material commonly ranges from 40 to 60 inches, but the extreme range is 30 to 72 inches. The control section averages 10 to 18 percent clay. Some subhorizons may have up to 22 percent clay. Pedons commonly are free of rock fragments in the loamy colluvium but may have as much as 5 percent, by volume. The volume of rock fragments in the C horizon ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Some pedons have an accumulation of clay in the subsoil but have less than a 1.2 B/A clay ratio.
The Ap and A horizons have hue of 10YR value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 through 3. They are typically loam or sandy loam but include silt loam. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bw and Bt horizons have hue of 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. They are loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam. Reaction is medium acid or neutral. A BC horizon is present is some pedons.
The 2Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 4 to 6. It is typically sand, coarse sand, loamy coarse sand or their gravelly analogues. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand, coarse sand, loamy coarse sand or their gravelly analogues. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ankeny, Billard, Disco, Eyota, Hanlon, Lomax, and Shellwood series. The Ankeny, Disco, Eyota and Lomax series do not have free carbonates in the C horizon. The Billard series has a buried A horizon with organic carbon higher than the layers above. Hanlon soils have chroma of 2 or less in the C horizon. The Shellwood series have free carbonates in the A and B horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on nearly level to gently sloping foot slopes or toe slopes on outwash plains, stream terraces and collapsed outwash in morainic areas. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent. These soils formed in loamy colluvium overlying coarse textured outwash sediment. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 54 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 24to 32 inches. The frost-free days range from 120 to 165 days. Elevation above sea level is 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the somewhat excessively drained Estherville and Malardi soils, excessively drained Hawick and Salida soils, and well drained Wadena soils. Estherville, Hawick, Malardi, and Salida soils are higher lying on backslopes, shoulder slopes and summit positions. Wadena soils occupy flats, swales and slight rises. Also the very poorly and poorly drained Biscay and very poorly drained Dassel and Medo soils are in swales and depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate in the upper part and rapid or very rapid in the lower part. Surface runoff is low. Depth to seasonal high saturation is 3.5 feet during the months of March to June and October and November in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are cropped to corn, soybeans and small grains. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South central Minnesota, MLRA-103.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Waseca County, Minnesota, 2000.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon: the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 33 inches (Ap, A1, A2, and AB horizons); Cambic horizon: the zone from 33 to 42 inches (Bw horizon); Cumulic based on colluvium having fine strata from periodic sediment moving downslope with rainfall events. Often the color of the upper sediment is lighter than the original surface due to deposition; udic moisture regime.