LOCATION TOURTILLOTTE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Tourtillotte loamy sand - on a southeast facing 10 percent slope in a forest of dominantly young aspen on a valley terrace at an elevation of about 908 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--0 to 1 inch; black (7.5YR 2/1) highly decomposed plant material; about 15 percent fiber; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 6 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--6 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--18 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; about 4 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 12 to 24 inches)
BC--25 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 19 inches thick)
C1--33 to 52 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
C2--52 to 56 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 14 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizons is 0 to 25 inches)
2C--56 to 80 inches; primarily stratified brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam and brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sand that have thin interbedded strata of pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand and reddish brown (5YR 5/3) loam; massive, with moderate thin and medium plates inherited from the parent material; very friable; few fine roots; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of iron depletion; common fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6 and 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles northeast of Keshena; 310 feet west and 2,260 feet north of the southeast corner of section 29, T. 29 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Legend Lake quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 57' 50" N. and long. 88 degrees 34' 13" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated, depth and thickness are measured from the top of the mineral soil.) Thickness of the sandy mantle and depth to stratified silty, loamy, and sandy lacustrine sediments range from 40 to 60 inches. Thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 40 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the sandy mantle and from 0 to 5 percent in the underlying sediment. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 2 percent in the sandy mantle. Cobbles are absent in the underlying sediment. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part of the sandy mantle and moderately acid to slightly acid in the lower part. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral in the underlying sediment. Redox concentrations occur within 40 inches. Saturation occurs at 30 to 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
The O horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is a mat of partially decomposed forest litter.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loamy sand.
Some pedons have an AB horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 3. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand or fine sand.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sand, fine sand, or coarse sand.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 4. Typically, the strata are fine sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy loam, or loam but thin strata of silty clay loam, silt loam, silt, fine sandy loam, and sand are in many pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Crex (T), Mooers (T), Pelkie, and Wurtsmith (T) series. These soils do not have stratified lacustrine sediments in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tourtillotte soils are on stream terraces and in glacial lake basins and glaciofluvial valleys. Slope gradients range from 0 to 15 percent. Tourtillotte soils formed in sandy deposits underlain by stratified lacustrine sediments. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 820 to 1,150 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Crex (T) and Ingalls soils. The moderately well drained Crex soils are on nearby areas where the soil is sandy throughout. The somewhat poorly drained Ingalls soils are in lower nearby areas where the sandy mantle is only 20 to 40 inches thick. Ingalls soils have a spodic horizon which develops under the hemlock trees common on somewhat poorly drained areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is very slow or slow. Permeability is rapid in the sandy deposits and moderately slow in the stratified lacustrine sediments. Tourtillotte soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 2.5 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year at some time during the period of September to June in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mostly in woodland. Timber stands are mostly red maple, northern red oak, aspen, and eastern white pine with white oak, northern pin oak, sugar maple, American basswood, paper birch, white ash, and American beech as associates in most stands. Red pine and black cherry are associates in some stands. Some areas are cleared and used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Wisconsin. The extent is small. It will be included in MLRA K93 when MLRA boundaries are updated.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Menominee County, Wisconsin, 1999. Source of the name is a creek in Menominee County.
REMARKS: Tourtillotte soils formerly were included with the Croswell, loamy substratum soils.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon: ochric epipedon - 0 to 3 inches (Oa, A); oxyaquic feature - redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 40 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: . Refer to soil survey number S96WI-078-644 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.