LOCATION TURZO                   UT+CO

Established Series
Rev. KDA/GWL/SSP/JWB
02/2011

TURZO SERIES

The Turzo series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from sandstone, shale, limestone and quartzite rocks. Turzo soils are on alluvial fans, fan terraces, stream terraces, and alluvial flats. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 7 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 46 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Turzo clay loam, on a east facing, linear, 4 percent slope in irrigated cropland at an elevation of 5,660 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap1--0 to 6 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few medium and fine, common very fine roots; few medium and fine, common very fine random tubular pores; common medium and coarse krotovinas; slightly effervescent; calcium carbonate is disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)

Ap2--6 to 11 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine and very fine subangular blocky; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few medium and fine, common very fine roots; few coarse, medium, and fine, common very fine random tubular pores; common medium and coarse krotovinas; slightly effervescent; calcium carbonate is disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)

Bw1--11 to 30 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak moderate prismatic structure; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few medium, fine, and very fine roots; few coarse and medium, common fine and very fine random tubular pores; common coarse and medium krotovinas; slightly effervescent; calcium carbonate is disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (thickness of the Bw horizons is 19 to 36 inches)

Bw2--30 to 47 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and very fine roots; common fine, many very fine random tubular pores; common medium and coarse krotovinas; slightly effervescent; calcium carbonate is disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary.

C1--47 to 57 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine random tubular pores; common medium and coarse krotovinas; slightly effervescent; calcium carbonate is disseminated; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the C horizons is 13 to 21 inches)

C2--57 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/3) loam, brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common fine and very fine random tubular pores; slightly effervescent; calcium carbonate is disseminated; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8).

TYPE LOCATION: Uintah County, Utah; about 3 miles southwest of Vernal Utah; located about 1,500 feet west and 400 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 4 S., R. 21 E., SLBM; Vernal NE, Utah USGS quad; lat. 40 degrees 26 minutes 1 second N. and long. 109 degrees 35 minutes 6 seconds W., NAD 27

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is section is dry more than 75 percent of the time the soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches is above 41 degrees F. and is affected by precipitation that falls evenly throughout the year with a slight increase in the late summer and fall. Aridic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 47 to 51 degrees F
Depth to gypsiferous material: 36 to greater than 60 inches
Depth to salt accumulations: 0 to greater than 60 inches
Thickness of the Ochric epipedon: 4 to 14 inches

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Sand content: greater than 15 percent fine sand or coarser
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel or cobbles

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel or cobbles
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 8
SAR: 0 to 20
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline

Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, clay loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel or cobbles
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 8
SAR: 0 to 20
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam or clay loam with thin strata of sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and silt loam. These thin strata normally are less than 4 inches thick.
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel or cobbles
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 16
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 30 percent
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
SAR: 5 to 20
Reaction: moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Defenbaugh (OR), Hostage (UT), Kinnear (WY), Pavillion (WY), Rabbitcreek (OR), Tewa series.
Defenbaugh has a lithologic discontinuity at 25 to 35 inches: have hue of 2.5YR or 5YR.
Defenbaugh and Rabbitcreek are in the Great Basin (MLRAs 23, 24).
Hostage: have a paralithic contact between 40 and 60 inches and contain 15 to 35 percent rock fragments in the particle size control section.
Kinnear: is in MLRA 32 with a spring and summer moisture pattern.
Pavillion: is moderately deep to a Cr horizon.
Tewa: have mean annual soil temperature of 53 to 59 degrees F.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium derived from sandstone, shale, limestone and quartzite rocks
Landform: alluvial fans, fan terraces, stream terraces, and alluvial flats
Slopes: 0 to 8 percent
Elevation: 4,600 to 6,200 feet
Mean annual temperature: 45 to 49 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 5 to 10 inches
Frost-free period: 90 to 125 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Abracon, Nolava, Shotnkck, Tipperary, and Utaline series.
Abracon, Nolava and Utaline soils: on fan remnants and have a calcic.
Shotnick soils: on alluvial flats and have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section.
Tipperary soils: on structural benches and have a sandy particle-size control section.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, low to high runoff, moderate or moderately slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: The dominant use of these soils is for irrigated cropland and rangeland. Potential native vegetation is galleta, spiny horsebrush, and shadscale. This soil has been correlated to the Desert Loam (Shadacale) 034XY106UT range site in Utah.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado; LRR D, MLRA 34; This series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Moffat county, Colorado, Moffat County Area soil survey area, 1992.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 11 inches. (Ap1 and Ap2 horizons)
Cambic horizon: The zone from 11 to 30 inches. (Bw horizon)

The classification was changed from a Typic Torriorthents to a Typic Haplocambids based on revisiting the Turzo type location, 8/2008, jwb.

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by a reference lab sample number S91UT-047-001 collected 4 April 1991.

Taxonomic Version: Eleventh Edition, 2011.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.