LOCATION TIPPECANOE IN+OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tippecanoe silt loam, on a southeast-facing, convex, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common very fine roots; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--20 to 28 cm (8 to 11 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches).]
Bt1--28 to 36 cm (11 to 14 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; thin continuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) worm casts and linings in worm channels; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]
2Bt2--36 to 76 cm (14 to 30 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; thin continuous brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) worm casts and linings in worm channels; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches) thick]
3Bt3--76 to 99 cm (30 to 39 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; thin discontinuous dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) worm casts and linings in worm channels; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; few dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese oxide; few medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; 18 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
3Bt4--99 to 129 cm (39 to 51 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; thin patchy brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) masses of iron and manganese oxide; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy clay loam layer at base of horizon; 30 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 3Bt horizon is 41 to 76 cm (16 to 30 inches).]
4BCt--129 to 152 cm (51 to 60 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loamy coarse sand; massive; very friable; thin patchy brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) thick]
4C--152 to 178 cm (60 to 70 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 40 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Benton County, Indiana; about 3 miles west and 1 mile north of Free; 790 feet east and 400 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 25 N., R. 10 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Depth to gravelly textures: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Ap, A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: loam or clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly acid
3Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: gravelly sandy clay loam or gravelly sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 15 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 3 percent cobbles
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
4BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: gravelly or very gravelly analogs of coarse sand or loamy coarse sand
Rock fragment content: 15 to 50 percent gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
4C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: gravelly coarse sand or very gravelly coarse sand
Rock fragment content: 15 to 50 percent gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Corwin, Foresman, Pacer, Parr, and Prairieville series. Corwin and Parr soils have a densic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Foresman soils have sola less than 102 cm (40 inches) in thickness. Pacer soils have till in the lower part of the series control section which contains less than 15 percent rock fragments. Prairieville soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tippecanoe soils are on outwash plains and terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in as much as 51 cm (20 inches) of silty material and in the underlying loamy and gravelly outwash. They are deep or very deep to calcareous sandy and gravelly loamy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1016 mm (32 to 40 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C (48 to 53 degrees F).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Comfrey, Crane, Free, and Wea soils. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Comfrey soils have thicker mollic epipedons and are on nearby flood plains. The somewhat poorly drained Crane soils are on lower lying positions. The very poorly drained Free soils are in depressions. The well drained Wea soils are on nearby slopes and slight rises.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 46 to 91 cm (1.5 to 3.0 feet) between December and April in normal years. The potential for runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the solum and very high in the underlying material. Permeability is moderate in the solum and very rapid in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Small grain and legume hay are also grown. Native vegetation is tall prairie grass, mainly big bluestem.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Indiana and Ohio; MLRAs 110, 111A, and 111D. The type location is in MLRA 110. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Newton County, Indiana, 1948.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (Ap, A horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 129 cm (Bt, 2Bt, 3Bt horizons).
Aquic conditions: iron depletions present in horizons below a depth of 76 cm.