LOCATION VITERBO                 TX

Established Series
RD-CLN-RM
07/2014

VITERBO SERIES

The Viterbo series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils. These nearly level soils formed in loamy fluviomarine deposits derived from the Beaumont Formation. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 20.6 degrees C (degrees 69 F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1397 mm (55 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Chromic Vertic Epiaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Viterbo silty clay loam--cropland.(Colors for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm, (0 to 7 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; 1 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries along roots; few wormcasts; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (13 to 30 cm [5 to 12 in] thick)

Btg1--18 to 43 cm, (7 to 17 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine roots; few fine pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films; 10 percent crawfish krotovina; 8 percent fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries lining pores; 5 percent fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron lining root channels with sharp boundaries; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (14 to 66 cm [6 to 26 in thick)

Btg2--43 to 89 cm, (17 to 35 in); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films; few pressure faces; 10 percent crawfish krotovina; 12 percent fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries lining pores; 5 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron lining roots channels; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (24 to 60 cm [9 to 24 in] thick)

Btssg1--89 to 165 cm, (35 to 65 in); gray (10YR 6/1) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few distinct clay films; common distinct slickensides; 10 percent crawfish krotovina; 15 percent fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries lining pores; 5 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries lining pores; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Btssg horizons is 72 to 127 cm [28 to 50 in)

Btssg2--165 to 203 cm, (65 to 80 in); light gray (10YR 7/1) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few faint clay films; common distinct slickensides; few crawfish krotovina; 10 percent fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with diffuse boundaries; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Texas; from the intersection of Interstate Highway 10 and U.S. Highways 69, 96, and 287 in southwest Beaumont; 3.6 miles east on U.S. Highways 69, 96, and 287; 3.1 miles southeast on the West Port Arthur Road; 0.5 mile east on FM 517; 600 feet south of road and 200 feet east of canal. (Port Acres USGS quad; Latitude: 29 degrees, 59 minutes, 21 seconds; Longitude: 94 degrees, 03 minutes, 28 seconds; WGS84)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An aquic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 21.7 to 22.2 degrees C (71 to 72 degrees F)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent

Ap (A where present) Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, silty clay loam or clay loam
Clay content: 17 to 36 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-1 to 5 percent, location-lining roots and pores, shades-brown
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 5 percent, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 4
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Btg Horizon
(upper part
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, clay, or silty clay
Clay content: 27 to 50 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-5 to 15 percent, location-lining roots and pores, shades-brown, red, or yellow
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 5 percent, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 6
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

Btg Horizon
(lower part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 37 to 52 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-5 to 25 percent, location-lining roots and pores, shades-brown, red, or yellow (red redox concentrations are less than 20 percent)
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 5 percent, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 6
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

Btssg Horizons
Hue: 10YR to N
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay or clay
Clay content: 41 to 55 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-5 to 25 percent, location-lining roots and pores, shades-brown, red, or yellow (red redox concentrations are less than 20 percent)
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 5 percent, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 6
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baldwin (LA) and Verland (TX) series. Similar soils are the Aris (TX), Evadale (TX), Leton (TX) and Mowata (LA) series.

Baldwin soils: have a lithologic discontinuity
Verland soils: are more alkaline in the lower part of the argillic horizon
Aris soils: are in a fine-silty family
Evadale soils: fine-silty family; thermic temperature regime
Leton soils: fine-silty family; have a glossic horizon
Mowata soils: have a glossic horizon; thermic temperature regime

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy fluviomarine sediments derived from the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age
Landscape: flat coastal plains
Landform: flats
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 20.0 to 22.2 degrees C (68 to 72 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1219 to 1575 mm (48 to 62 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfall is fairly uniform throughout the year with slight peaks in the fall and spring months.
Frost-free period: 270 to 300 days
Elevation: 3 to 30.5 m (10 to 100 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Anahuac (TX), Labelle (TX), Levac (TX), Orcadia (TX), Meaton (TX), Morey (TX), and Spindletop series.

Anahuac and Orcadia soils: are on a broader landform
Labelle and Morey soils: somewhat poorly drained; on flats
Levac soils- somewhat poorly drained; are truncated pimple mounds
Spindletop soils: moderately well drained; on pimple mounds

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: somewhat poorly drained; runoff is high; permeability is very slow; rarely flooded for very brief to brief periods. Flooding occurs as a result of storm surge during tropical storms which occurs in areas less than 4.6 m (15 ft) elevation. These soils have episaturation from the soil surface to 152 cm (0 to 60 in) from January to March in normal years

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for pasture or rice production. Native grasses include species of andropogon, paspalum and panicum. In some areas pine and hardwood trees have encroached. During the idle rotation of rice growing a dense stand of tallow trees encroach in some areas.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast, Texas; Land Resource Region T; MLRA 150A; the series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County, Texas; 1996. The name comes from a small community.

REMARKS: The Viterbo series was previously included with the Verland series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 7 to 37 in. (Btg1, Btg2, Btssg1 horizon)

Ochric epipedon - 0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 in) (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon - 18 to 203 cm (7 to 80 in) (Btg and Btssg horizons).
Vertic feature - Slickensides at a depth of 89 to 203 cm (35 to 80 in) (Btssg horizons).
Aquic feature - redoximorphic features throughout the pedon and aquic conditions in the upper part of the pedon in most years.

Additional Comments: Positive reaction to a,a,dipyridyl occurs in the Ap, Btg1, and Btg2 horizons

ADDITIONAL DATA: Particle-size analysis, salinity and sodicity tests were performed at the project office on 13 pedons (S92TX6236501,. S11TX2911344, S11TX2911346, S11TX2911255, S11TX2911273 S11TX2914225, S11TX2913215, S11TX2913218, S11TX2913267, S11TX2913077, S10TX0713065, S11TX2916168, S11TX2916098).

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.