LOCATION VOTAW TX

Established Series
REL-JKW-RM
07/2014

VOTAW SERIES

The Votaw series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils. These soils formed in sandy alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping terraces of the Pleistocene age. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 20 degrees C (68 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation ranges from 1321 mm (52 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Thermic, coated Oxyaquic Quartzipsamments

TYPICAL PEDON: Votaw fine sand, on a north facing, convex, 0.5 percent slope in woodland; elevation is 17 m (56 ft). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); 70 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; many fine to coarse roots; many very fine to medium interstitial pores; 1 percent fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) organic stains; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.(combined thickness is 5 to 33 cm [2 to 13 in])

C1--10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 in); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; many fine to coarse roots; common medium interstitial pores; 25 percent root channels filled with grayish brown (10YR 5/2), light gray (10YR 7/2), light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; 5 percent fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

C2--23 to 38 cm (9 to 15 in); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; common medium interstitial pores; 5 percent root channels filled with light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), light gray (10YR 7/2), grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; 2 percent fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of clean sand grains along pores; 5 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C3--38 to 64 cm (15 to 25 in); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; common medium interstitial pores; 5 percent root channels filled with light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy sand; 2 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) sand coats on vertical surfaces of peds; 5 percent fine and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) and 5 percent fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

C4--64 to 74 cm (25 to 29 in); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; common fine to coarse roots; common medium interstitial pores; 1 percent fine and medium black (N 2/) masses of iron-manganese; 10 percent fine and medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and 3 percent fine and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; 2 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) masses of clean sand along surfaces of peds; moderately acid; clear broken boundary.

C5--74 to 119 cm (29 to 47 in); 60 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and 40 percent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; common fine and medium and common coarse roots; common fine and few medium interstitial pores; 15 percent fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and 1 percent fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with diffuse boundaries; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C6--119 to 160 cm (47 to 63 in); 70 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand; single grained; soft, loose; common fine and medium roots; common fine interstitial pores; 1 percent thin very pale brown (10YR 8/3) clay coats and 1 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay coats on sand grains and bridging between sand grains; 25 percent coarse prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries throughout, 10 percent medium and coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries, and 10 percent fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness is 31 to 122 cm [12 to 48 in])

Cg--160 to 203 cm (63 to 80 in); light gray (2.5Y 7/2) fine sand; massive; soft, loose; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; 35 percent fine and medium prominent yellow (10YR 7/6) and 10 percent fine and medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries; strongly acid. (combined thickness is 45 to 91 cm [18 to 36 in].)

TYPE LOCATION: Hardin County, Texas (TX); Travel north on Farm Road 2937 1.8 miles from the intersection of Farm Road 92 and Farm Road 1122 in Silsbee to the intersection with county road; 2.1 miles east on county road to forest road; 0.6 mile north on forest road, then 0.2 mile west and 0.5 mile south; located about 100 ft west in forest. (Deserter Baygall, Texas USGS topographic quadrangle; Latitude: 30 degrees, 24 minutes, 59 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 08 minutes, 37 seconds W. NAD 83; UTM 390161, UTM Northing 3365481, UTM Zone 15N.)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Udic soil moisture regime. These soils remain moist throughout the year.
Mean annual soil temperature: 20.6 to 21.7 degrees C (69 to 71 degrees F)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 1 to 7 percent
Sand content: 82 to 96 percent

A Horizon
Hue: 10 YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 7 percent
Electrical Conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 5
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 4
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
.

C Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sand
Clay content: 0.8 to 7 percent
Redox concentrations: Masses of oxidized iron range from 1 percent to greater than 20 percent in shades of brown or yellow with clear diffuse boundaries.
Iron-manganese concentrations: up to 5 percent masses
Electrical Conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 0.5
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 6
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Cg Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 to 8
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sand
Clay content: 0.3 to 6 percent
Redox concentrations: Masses of oxidized iron range from 1 percent to greater than 20 percent in shades of brown or yellow with clear diffuse boundaries.
Electrical Conductivity (dS/m): 0 to 5
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 10
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils are the Chipley, Kawah, Lotus, and Pactolus.
Chipley soils are on uplands and are somewhat poorly drained.
Kawah soils are somewhat poorly drained.
Lotus soils are on flood plains and have buried A horizons.
Pactolus soils have 10 to 25 percent silt plus clay in the particle size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy alluvium derived from the Pleistocene age.
Landscape: river valleys on coastal plains
Landform: point bars on terraces
Microfeature: bars
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 19.5 to 20.6 degrees C (67 to 69 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1219 to 1473 mm (48 to 58 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfall is generally uniform throughout the year with slight peaks during the spring and fall months.
Frost-free period: 240 to 300 days
Elevation: 8 to 46 m (26 to 151 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Babco (TX), Belrose (TX), Caneyhead (TX), Kenefick (TX), McNeely (TX), Spurger (TX), Turkey (TX), and Tyden (TX) soills.
Babco soils have a spodic horizon and are on mounds.
Belrose and Kenefick soils are loamy throughout and are on similar to higher landscape positions.
Caneyhead soils are very poorly drained and are on lower landscape positions.
McNeely and Turkey soils are better drained and are on higher landscape positions.
Spurger soils have a clayey particle size control section and are on similar to higher landscape positions.
Tyden soils are loamy throughout and are on lower landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Votaw soils are moderately well drained. Runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately rapid. These soils are saturated from 64 to 89 cm (25 to 35 in) below the soil surface and have aquic conditions from December to March in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used primarily for woodland and wildlife habitat. Native vegetation is longleaf pine, yaupon, andropogons, panicums and paspalums.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Texas; LRR-T; MLRA-152B (Western Gulf Coast Flatwoods). The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hardin County, Texas; 1998.

REMARKS: The Votaw soils were formerly included with the Hainesville and Bienville series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 39 in). (C horizon)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in). (A horizons)
Aquic feature - Low chroma iron depletions 74 to 203 cm (29 to 80 in); These soils are saturated from 64 to 89 cm (25 to 35 in) below the surface from December to March in most years. (C,Cg horizons)

Soil Interpretation Record Number: TX1333

Additional Data: Texas A&M University data on sample (S95TX-199-004) from type location in Hardin County, TX.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.