LOCATION WAIHUNA HI
Established Series
Rev. HHS/RCH
02/2017
WAIHUNA SERIES
The Waihuna series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed in fine textured alluvium from basic rock. Waihuna soils are in basins and on fans and have slopes of 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual rainfall is about 30 inches and mean annual air temperature is about 69 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, semiactive, isothermic Typic Haplusterts
TYPICAL PEDON: Waihuna clay - cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")
Ap1--0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; strong very fine and fine granular structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; strongly acid (pH 5.3); clear smooth boundary. (1/2 to 2 inches thick)
Ap2--1 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; very hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; many interstitial pores; cracks up to 1 inch wide develop on drying; many variegated sand grains can be seen under a hand lens; common plant remains that have been plowed under; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; strongly acid (pH 5.3); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 6 inches thick)
Ap3--6 to 12 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; massive; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine tubular pores; cracks up to 1 inch wide develop on drying; many plant remains that have been plowed under; many variegated sand grains can be seen under a hand lens; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; strongly acid (pH 5.1); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 6 inches thick)
Ap4--12 to 18 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common pores; cracks up to 1 inch develop on drying; common plant remains that have been plowed under; many variegated sand grains can be seen under a hand lens; occasional highly weathered pebbles; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 7 inches thick)
AC--18 to 25 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist and dry clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common pores; common slickensides, some are weakly grooved; few highly weathered pebbles; many variegated sand grains can be seen under a hand lens; firm in place; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; moderately acid (pH 5.9); gradual wavy boundary. (7 to 8 inches thick)
C1--25 to 41 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; strong very fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common pores; many variegated sand grains can be seen under a hand lens; few highly weathered pebbles; common slickensides; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 17 inches thick)
C2--41 to 53 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine tubular pores; many variegated sand grains can be seen under a hand lens; common highly weathered pebbles; common slickensides; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (11 to 12 inches thick)
C3--53 to 65 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist and dry silty clay; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine and fine and few coarse tubular pores; common patchy slickensides; common manganese stains; many variegated sand grains, more than above horizons; common highly weathered pebbles; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; slightly acid (pH 6.4)
TYPE LOCATION: Island of Lanai, Maui County, Hawaii; 20 degrees 49' 52" north latitude and 156 degrees 55' 58" west longitude; from Lanai City Post Office, proceed northwest 0.4 mile, turn left at edge of city, and proceed southwest 0.5 mile; across (south of) the ditch, about 50 feet from the ditch in field 5311-12; 20.8279806 N, -156.9300306 W decimal degrees WGS84.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: In some pedons weathered gravel and cobbles are scattered throughout the profile. Mean annual soil temperature is about 69 degrees F. The soil is dry in some horizon for more than 90 cumulative days in most years. A strong granular surface mulch 1/2 to 2 inches thick develops upon drying. Cracks 1/2 to 1 inch wide form to depths of more than 20 inches when the soil dries. The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and chroma of 2 or 3. Soil color is usually yellowest near the source of alluvium and somewhat redder with increasing distance. The lower part of the C horizon ranges from silty clay to clay. Few to common mottles occur in the lower part of the profile.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Honouliuli,
Hoolehua,
Lualualei,
Nonopahu,
Waialua and
Waipahu series in other families. Honouliuli soils have 5YR hue throughout, and have mean annual soil temperature warmer than 71.6 degrees F. Hoolehua soils have silty clay texture, lack slickensides, and do not form a granular surface mulch on drying. Lualualei soils have deeply grooved slickensides and are dominantly montmorillonite clay. Nonopahu soils have moist value of 4 or more in the A horizon and have isohyperthermic temperature. Waialua soils have silty clay texture, mottles in the B horizons and a mean annual soil temperature warmer than 71.6 degrees F. Waipahu soils have silty clay texture and a mean annual soil temperature warmer than 71.6 F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Waihuna soils are in basins and alluvial fans. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Elevations range from 400 to 2,000 feet, but are primarily between 1,000 and 2,000 feet. The soils formed in fine-textured alluvium. Annual rainfall is 20 to 35 inches. The average January temperature is about 67 degrees F.; average July temperature is about 72 degrees F.; mean annual temperature is about 69 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Kalae,
Koele and
Lahaina soils and the competing
Hoolehua soils. Kalae soils have an argillic horizon and have 2.5YR or redder hue in the B2 horizon. Koele soils have a fine-silty control section. Lahaina soils have silty clay texture and 2.5YR or redder hue throughout the B horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for pineapple, pasture and wildlife. Present vegetation is lantana (Lantana camara), natal redtop (Tricholaena repens), guineagrass (Panicum maximum) and cactus (Opuntia megacantha).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Islands of Molokai and Lanai, Hawaii. About 4,400 acres in extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Island of Molokai, Maui County, Hawaii, 1961.
OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 10/77.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.