LOCATION LUALUALEI HIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Gypsitorrerts
TYPICAL PEDON: Lualualei clay - pasture. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")
A1--0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; strong fine and very fine granular structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots few light-colored sand grains; vertical cracks up to 2 1/2 inches wide; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (1/2 to 1 1/2 inches thick)
A2--1 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots; many fine tubular pores; some organic litter within the cracks; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
ACss--10 to 22 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine roots; many fine tubular pores; common slickensides; few black specks; few grains of coral sand; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 12 inches thick)
C--22 to 30 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; many weakly grooved slickensides; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common fine and medium roots, mainly matted between cleavage planes; few fine and very fine tubular pores; common black stains in pores and in dendritic pattern on faces of peds; few light-colored sand grains; common shiny specks; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual smooth boundary. (7 to 10 inches thick)
Cly--30 to 49 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; many deeply grooved slickensides; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots matted between faces of peds; few fine tubular pores; many fine and medium gypsum crystals; common black stains in pores and on peds; common shiny specks; few light-colored sand grains; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (17 to 20 inches thick)
C2y--49 to 60 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist and dry clay; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; many deeply grooved slickensides; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots between peds; few fine tubular pores; common medium and coarse gypsum crystals; few shiny specks; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; moderately acid (pH 5.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Island of Oahu, Honolulu County, Hawaii; Lualualei Naval Radio Station, about 0.8 mile west of the entrance gate and southwest along reservation fence, 100 feet north toward the steel radio towers. Schofield Barracks Quadrangle; lat. 21 degrees 25 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 158 degrees 09 minutes 00 seconds W. (Old Hawaiian Datum).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Coral, gravel, sand, or clay is at depths below 40 inches in some pedons. The soil ranges from nonstony to very stony throughout. Mean annual soil temperature is about 75 degrees F. Gypsum crystals 1/8 to 3 inches in diameter are usually at depths below 30 inches. The C horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist or dry and chroma of 1 or 2 when dry. The C horizon ranges from medium acid to mildly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: (This needs updating.) These are the Honouliuli, Kaena, Kapuhikani, Kokokahi, Makalapa, Nonopahu, Papaa, and Waihuna series. Honouliuli soils have 5YR hue throughout, and their clays are dominantly kaolinite. Kaena soils have mottles throughout. Kapuhikani soils are less than 40 inches deep over hard rock, lack gypsum crystals, and formed in olivine basalt. Kokokahi soils have 2.5Y or yellower hue below the A horizon, and the upper 12 inches has chroma of 1 moist or dry. Makalapa soils are 20 to 40 inches thick over volcanic tuff, and the C horizon is strongly calcareous. Nonopahu soils have kaolinitic mineralogy and moist value of 4 or more in the upper 12 inches. Papaa soils lack horizons containing gypsum and formed in basalt residuum modified by alluvium. Waihuna soils have kaolinitic mineralogy and mean annual soil temperature of less than 71.6 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lualualei soils are on alluvial fans and talus slopes at elevations of 10 to 125 feet. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent. The nonstony types are normally on gently sloping areas whereas the stony types are near drainages or on talus slopes. These soils formed in alluvium and colluvium. Mean annual rainfall is 18 to 30 inches and most of the rain occurs during winter. Mean annual temperature is 75 degrees F., average January temperature is 71 degrees F., and average July temperature is 78 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Honouliuli and Kaena soils and the Waialua soils. Waialua soils have mottles at a depth of less than 40 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to rapid runoff, depending on slope; slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Primarily in pasture, urban and military uses; small areas are in sugarcane and truck crops. Natural vegetation is Kiawe (Prosopis pallida), klu (Acacia farnesiana), lantana (Lantana camara), koa-haole (Leucaena glauca) and fingergrass (Chloris spp.).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Islands of Oahu, Molokai, Lanai and Kauai, Hawaii. The series is moderately extensive with a total of approximately 12,500 acres.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey of the Territory of Hawaii, 1949.
REMARKS:
FCC Classification: Cd+kv (some are not k).
Edit Log: 3/04 SN. Horizon designations updated, FCC added, and minor edits.
8/00 SN. Classification changed from Very-fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Chromusterts due to changes in Taxonomy.
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL sample S62HI-007-001 (formerly S62Ha-7-1) and S62HI-007-002 (formerly S62Ha-7-2).