LOCATION WUNABUNA IN

Established Series
Rev. RAB-GLH-DAG
11/2021

WUNABUNA SERIES

The Wunabuna series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils formed in mineral slope alluvium overlying herbaceous organic material in potholes and closed depressions on till plains, moraines, and lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Wunabuna silt loam, on a linear, nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 236 meters (773 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (7 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse interstitial and tubular pores throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1--18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse interstitial and tubular pores throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2--38 to 53 cm (15 to 21 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse tubular pores throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 20 to 61 cm (8 to 24 inches).]

Bg--53 to 81 cm (21 to 32 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse tubular pores throughout; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; many fine and medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [13 to 51 cm (5 to 20 inches) thick]

2Ab--81 to 96 cm (32 to 38 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common coarse tubular pores throughout; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay depletions in root channels and pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 20 inches thick)

3Oa1--96 to 152 cm (38 to 60 inches); black (10YR 2/1) broken face, black (N 2.5/) rubbed, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) after exposure to air, muck; about 5 percent fiber, 1 percent rubbed; massive; very friable; common coarse interstitial and tubular pores throughout; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

3Oa2--152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches); black (10YR 2/1) broken face, black (N 2.5/) rubbed, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) after exposure to air, muck; about 10 percent fiber, 3 percent rubbed; massive; very friable; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1 1/2 miles southwest of Dunlap; 2,481 feet south and 90 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 37 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Foraker, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 36 minutes 58 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 55 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 589446 easting and 4607717 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to organic materials: 41 to 102 cm (16 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages greater than 35 percent clay

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4; where values are 2 or 3, dry values are 6 or more, or the subhorizons are less than 25 cm (10 inches) thick or less than one-third the thickness between the top of the epipedon and the bottom of the cambic horizon
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2Ab horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 3
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

3Oa horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: muck
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Caples and Godfrey series. Caples and Godfrey soils do not have horizons of buried organic material in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wunabuna soils in potholes and closed depressions on till plains, moraines, and lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Wunabuna soils formed in mineral slope alluvium overlying herbaceous organic material. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1067 mm (30 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.8 to 11.7 degrees C (46 to 53 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 180 days. Elevation is 177 to 466 meters (580 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the very poorly drained Adrian, Edselton, Edwards, Houghton, and Palms soils, and the poorly drained Southwest soils. Adrian, Edselton, Edwards, Houghton, and Palms soils are on similar landforms, but do not have mineral material in the upper part of the series control section. Southwest soils are on slightly higher lying positions on similar landforms and have mineral material throughout the series control section.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 61 cm (2 feet) above the surface to 15 cm (0.5 foot) below the surface for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high. Permeability is moderate in the mineral material and moderately slow to moderately rapid in the underlying organic material.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn and soybeans. A few areas are used for hay and pasture. Native vegetation is hydrophytic woody and herbaceous vegetation.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111C in northern Indiana. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 53 cm (21 inches) (Ap, A1, and A2).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 53 to 81 cm (21 to 32 inches) (Bg).
Redoximorphic features present in the cambic horizon.
Organic materials: from a depth of 96 to 203 cm (38 to 80 inches) (3Oa1, 3Oa2).

Drained (IN0622) and undrained (IN0623) phases are recognized.

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155047 represents the typical pedon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S94IN-039-008) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data for the typical pedon (T94IN-039-116) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Wunabuna soils and 30 percent Wunabuna, thick overwash soils.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.