LOCATION DACKER                  NV

Established Series
Rev. PWB/RLB/JBF
02/2016

DACKER SERIES

The Dacker series consists of moderately deep over duripan, well drained soils that formed in silty alluvium derived from mixed rocks with a component of loess and volcanic ash. The Dacker soils are on fan piedmont remnants, plateaus, and partial ballenas. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Argidurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Dacker silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 8 cm, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong very thin and thin platy structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine vesicular and interstitial pores; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 10 cm thick)

A2--8 to 18 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bt1--18 to 41 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; many very fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on ped faces and lining pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 33 cm thick)

Bt2--41 to 64 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; many very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films as bridges between mineral grains; 10 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 36 cm thick)

Bqk--64 to 79 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent, 15 to 30 mm weak durinodes; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 30 cm thick)

Bqkm--79 to 132 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) indurated duripan, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) moist; massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; the upper 4 to 7 cm is continuously indurated and is alternately indurated or weakly silica and carbonate cemented below; continuous silica laminae are 0.5 to 2 mm thick; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Elko County, Nevada; approximately 25 miles north of Elko, about 2,300 feet east and 2,500 feet north of the southwest corner of section 25, T. 37 N., R. 54 E.; USGS Dinner Station 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 04 minutes 03 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 50 minutes 48 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 41.0675000 latitude, -115.84666 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in the winter and spring, dry June through October; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Combined thickness of A and Bt: 43 to 64 cm.
Depth to carbonates: 38 to 64 cm.
Depth to duripan: 50 to 89 cm.
Other features: Very gravelly loamy sand substratums are common in some pedons below a depth of 100 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent, mainly gravel.

A horizon
Value: 5 or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.

Bt1 horizon
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture: Silty clay loam or gravelly silty clay loam.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent.
Structure: Prismatic parting to subangular blocky, subangular blocky or may be massive in the lower part.
Consistence: Usually hard, slightly hard in subhorizons, very friable to firm moist; slightly sticky or sticky and slightly plastic or plastic, wet.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Bt2 horizon
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture: Silt loam, silty clay loam or gravelly silt loam.
Clay content: 25 to 33 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent.
Structure: Prismatic parting to subangular blocky, subangular blocky or may be massive in the lower part.
Consistence: Usually hard, slightly hard in subhorizons, very friable to firm moist; slightly sticky or sticky and slightly plastic or plastic, wet.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Bqk horizons
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture: Silt loam or loam some pedons have gravelly silt loam, or gravelly loam.
Clay content: 20 to 25 percent.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard, very friable to firm, moist; Slightly sticky or moderately sticky and slightly plastic or moderately plastic, wet.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent, mainly gravel.
Structure: Massive or weak thick platy parting to subangular blocky.
Other features: 20 to 50 percent, 5 to 30 mm durinodes or pan fragments.

Bqkm horizons
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Other features: Commonly has variable thickness of alternating layers of weak, strong or indurated silica-lime cemented material below.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arbidge, Deerlodge, Ditchcamp, Drysel, Exel, Hager, Idow, Lojet, Rakane, Snowmore, Wako, Wellsed and Wendell soils.

Arbidge, Deerlodge, Lojet and Welsed soils have sandy clay loam or clay loam Bt horizons. Ditchcamp and Snowmore soils have bedrock at 61 to 100 cm. Drysel soils do not have Bqk horizons above the duripan and have soil temperature of 12 to 13 degrees C. Exel soils have Bt horizons with hue of 7.5YR or 5YR and are slightly acid or neutral. Hager soils have a lithic contact to tuff at 100 to 150 cm. Idow do not have Bq horizons above the duripan and do not contain 10 percent durinodes in the Bk horizon. Rakane soils contain loam and clay loam argillic horizon and so not have a Bqm horizon that contains 10 percent durinodes. Wako soils do not have Bqk horizon above the duripan and have silty clay loam argillic horizon. Wendell soils have bedrock at moderate depth.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dacker soils are on fan piedmont remnants, plateaus, fan remnants and partial ballenas. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks with a component of loess and volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. Elevations are 1,310 to 1,955 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid with warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gance, Hunnton and Wieland soils. Gance soils have a very gravelly clay argillic horizon. Hunnton and Wieland soils have clay argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow or medium runoff, moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly big sagebrush, Douglas rabbitbrush, bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg bluegrass, Indian ricegrass and cheatgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeast Nevada. MLRA 25. The Dacker soils are not extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elko County, Nevada, Central Part, 1986.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1 and A2 horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 18 to 64 cm (Bt1 and Bt2).
Xeric intergrades - Meets organic carbon requirement for xeric.
Duripan - The zone from 79 to 132 cm (Bqkm horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 18 to 64 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.