LOCATION FISK                    WI

Established Series
Rev. JAL-HFG-AAC
01/2011

FISK SERIES

The Fisk series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in a mantle of sandy outwash or lacustrine deposits and in the underlying silty and loamy outwash or lacustrine deposits on glacial lake basins and on terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 mm (28 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Dystric Eutrudepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Fisk loamy fine sand - on a west-facing, convex slope of 2 percent cropped to corn at an elevation of about 238 meters (783 feet) above man sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches) thick]

Bw1--23 to 61 cm (9 to 24 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand with large pockets or discontinuous layers of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand in lower 10 inches; single grain; loose; common fine roots; common very dark brown (10YR 2/2) worm casts in upper 8 cm (3 inches); common fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [33 to 79 cm (13 to 31 inches) thick]

2Bw2--61 to 69 cm (24 to 27 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]

2Bg1--69 to 79 cm (27 to 31 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches) thick]

2Bg2--79 to 99 cm (31 to 39 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure breaking to moderate thin plates along depositional strata; friable; few fine roots; totally gleyed along faces of prisms; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 38 cm (6 to 15 inches) thick]

2C1--99 to 140 cm (39 to 55 inches); stratified brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam; massive breaking to weak thick plates along depositional strata; very friable; few fine roots; many medium distinct and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix in the silt loam part; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches) thick]

2C2--140 to 203 cm (55 to 80 inches); stratified brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam; massive breaking to weak thick plates along depositional strata; very friable; few fine roots; many medium distinct and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix in the silt loam part; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 5 miles northwest of Zittau; 1545 feet east and 785 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 6, T. 20 N., R. 14 E.; USGS Poy Sippi, Wis. Quad.; Latitude - 44 degrees 14 minutes 26.6 seconds N., Longitude 88 degrees 52 minutes 48.2 seconds W. NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of soil development: 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches)
Thickness of the sandy mantle: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: more than 102 cm (40 inches)
2B and 2C horizons: average less than 18 percent clay and less than 50 percent fine sand or coarser
Rock fragments: absent throughout the soil
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral in the sandy mantle; slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the 2B horizon; neutral to moderately alkaline in the 2C horizon
Redox depletions and saturation: chroma of 2 or less within a depth of 61 cm (24 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: to 3
Texture: loamy sand or loamy fine sand

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 0 or 1
Texture: loamy sand or loamy fine sand

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand or fine sand

Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8

Bg horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand or sand

2Bw or 2Bg horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: dominantly silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam, thin strata of coarser or finer texture in some pedons

2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: dominantly silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam, thin strata of coarser or finer texture in some pedons

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Other series in closely related families are Korobago and Nebago. Korobago soils have carbonates at a shallower depth and are coarse-loamy over clayey. Nebago soils have carbonates at a shallower depth and are sandy over clayey.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Fisk soils are on glacial lake basins and on terraces of streams and lakes. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in a mantle of sandy outwash or lacustrine deposits and in the underlying silty or loamy outwash or lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 635 to 737 mm (25 to 29 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.8 to 10.0 degrees C (46 to 50 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brems, Keowns, Morocco, Nebago, Salter, and Yahara soils. Moderately well drained Brems soils are on higher landscape positions and somewhat poorly drained Morocco soils are on similar landscape positions. Both are sandy to depths of 102 cm (40 inches) or more. Poorly drained Keowns soils are in nearby depressional areas; somewhat poorly drained Yahara soils are on similar landscape positions; and well drained and moderately well drained Salter soils are on higher terraces. All three do not have the sandy surface deposits and are coarse-loamy. Somewhat poorly drained Nebago soils are on similar landscape positions, but are sandy over clayey.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high to very high (42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second) in the sandy mantle and moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the loamy deposits. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle and moderate in the loamy deposits. This soil has an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 31 to 61 cm (1 to 2 feet) for some time in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland or woodland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. A small acreage is used for pastureland. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forests. Common trees are white pine, red maple, and sugar maple.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 89, 95A, and 95B in central and east-central Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winnebago County, Wisconsin, 1977.

REMARKS: Fisk soils were formerly mapped as inclusions in the Rimer series in Winnebago County. The soils of this series are arenic, but subgroup of Aquic Arenic Dystric Eutrudepts is not provided for in Soil Taxonomy.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm cm (0 to 9 inches) (Ap); cambic horizon - 61 to 99 cm (24 to 39 inches) (2Bw2, 2Bg1, 2Bg2); dystric feature no carbonates within 102 cm (40 inches) of the soil surface; aquic feature - redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation within 61 cm (24 inches) of the soil surface. The C horizon indicated carbonates beginning at 140 cm (55 inches) so the C horizon was split into C1 and C2 at 140 cm (55 inches).

Since the typical pedon was described and sampled, a cellular phone tower has been installed in close proximity to the site. The actual TP site may still be undisturbed but there are various electrical cables buried in the vicinity and the telephone company does not want anyone digging in the area. Therefore, John Lucassen moved the type location about 300 feet east and 715 feet south of the original site in the same map unit. The new profile was essentially the same as the old so he did not redescribe but did bore it to 203 cm (80 inches).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.